Transcript 1 st Crusade - sheridanhistory

Why do people fight? Imagine you are a character in
one of these pictures. You have traveled thousands
of miles and are now in a brutal battle. Why are you
willing to fight and maybe die? What could possibly
motivate you to take on this challenge?
Reasons Europeans were
willing to fight in the
Crusades
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Desire to take control of Jerusalem away from
Muslims
Belief that fighting in a crusade would give you
forgiveness of sins
An opportunity for younger sons of nobles to get
new land in the Middle East
Desire to defend Byzantine empire from the
Turks
Possibility of opening new trade routes to the
east
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1. What 3 religions lay claim to
Jerusalem?
2. Who controlled Jerusalem at the
beginning of the first Crusade?
3. How many Christian soldiers gathered
to fight in the first Crusade?
4.What is the name of the Pope who
gathered soldiers for the Crusades?
5. What is the name of the Byzantine
emperor who asked for help from the
pope?
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6. Besides religion and ideology, what
was the motivation for going on the
Crusade? (2 things)
7. Which of the ten commandments were
knights able to ignore?
8. What group of people were the first to
feel the cruelty of the Crusaders?
9. Who often came along with the
Crusaders?
10. What did the Byzantine emperor make
the Crusade leaders do before they
fought?
The Crusades
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Starting in 1095 and
ending in 1272, there
were 9 Crusades – or
religious wars, fought
by European
Christians against
Muslims from the
Middle East. The
goal was to take back
the Holy Land of
Jerusalem.
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Christian Pilgrims
make their way to the
Holy Land.
1st Crusade
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The 1st Crusade started
when Alexius I asked
Pope Urban II for help in
fighting the Seljuk Turks
(who had destroyed
churches, tortured
pilgrims, and marched on
Constantinople). Urban
gathered 60,000 men to
fight a holy war against
the Muslims and take
Jerusalem.
2nd Crusade
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The Catholic
Crusaders were
successful in taking
Jerusalem in the 1st
Crusade, but things
changed in the 2nd
Crusade. The
Muslims organized
themselves for a
Jihad.
The Rise of Salah-al-din
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Known as Saladin to
Europeans, this man
was able to unify
Muslims in the region
to retake Jerusalem
back from the
Crusaders in 1187.
News of his victories
made their way back
to Europe.
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After the fall of
Jerusalem the pope
called for another
Crusade. Many of
Europe’s most
powerful leaders went
to fight, including a
man named Richard
the Lion-Hearted.
Richard and the 3rd Crusade
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Richard the LionHearted and Saladin
fought each other
many times over a 3
year period, and the
men developed a
deep respect for each
other.
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In the 3rd Crusade,
the Europeans were
able to win many
battles, but they were
never able to retake
Jerusalem. Richard
and Saladin signed a
treaty allowing
Christians to enter the
city for worship.
End of the Crusades
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There were 6 more
Crusades over the
next 80 or so years.
The Europeans never
retook Jerusalem.
The lasting legacies
of the Crusades are
increased trade
between east and
west and hostility
toward non-Christian
groups in Europe.
Legacy of the Crusades
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Crusaders learned of Muslim innovations
in architecture, science and medicine.
New trade routes and exciting new goods
were discovered.
Prepared Europe for the discoveries and
innovations of the modern age.
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The same door that closed the Crusades
opened another path leading down one of the
darkest stretches of European history. The
series of wars which erupted soon thereafter
amongst the nations of Europe—the most
notable of them was the Hundred Years War
between France and England—these, combined
with the Black Death to make for dismal days.
As it turned out, the Crusades were not, in fact,
the main event in medieval history but a warmup to the real "dance of death," lying in
wait…there was much worse to come.
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In groups, discuss
this question:
What lasting effects
might the Crusades
still have in the Middle
East today?