Transcript A Little Something Called the Crusades

The Crusades
Late Medieval Period
Background: Jerusalem is very
important
• Sacred to 3 religions
• Christians –site of Jesus’ crucifixion and
resurrection
• Jews – location of Solomon’s temple
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen_David
• Muslims – Muhammad ascended to
heaven from Jerusalem.
How did the Crusades begin?
• 11th century AD – Turks invade
Jerusalem, attack Christians, close
the city.
• Threatens Byzantine Empire –
emperor (Alexius I Comnenus)
asks Pope for help in 1095 AD
What else may have motivated the Pope?
• Great Schism in 1054 –
The Roman Catholic
Church would like to
regain some land and
churches from the
Byzantines.
• After the Viking invasions
of the 900s, a lot of
trained soldiers are
looking for a fight in
Europe.
http://wps.ablongman.com/w
ps/media/objects/262/26831
2/art/figures/KISH219.jpg
Let the Crusades Begin!
The First Crusade
• Pope Urban II calls for battle to
free the HOLY LAND
• Men who went to battle wore
cross on uniform – led to being
called crusaders , if they
returned they would wear a
cross on their back.
• They capture Jerusalem in
1099
• Slaughter most of Jerusalem’s
Muslims and Jews
Video Clip
• Answer the following questions:
1. What did the pope offer to those who fought in
the Crusades?
2. Whose son fought in the First Crusade?
3. Who ruled over the Crusader states?
4. What happened in 1144?
5. What two groups fought against each other in
the Fourth Crusade?
6. Who finally conquered the Byzantine Empire?
7. How many people per year went to the Middle
East during the Crusades?
8. What positive legacy did the Crusades leave?
Route of the Crusaders
http://myhome.sunyocc.edu/~gaddisc/HIS103/HuntCh9/map1stCrusade1096-98p354.jpg
Time for Revenge!
The Second Crusades
• Muslims reorganize and retaliate
• 2nd Crusade begins 1147 AD.
• The Christians win and keep control of
Jerusalem.
http://www.humanities-interactive.org/medieval/chivalry/400/ex018_13a-400.jpg
The Third Crusade
• 1187 AD Muslims, led by Saladin,
recapture Jerusalem
• Leads to next Crusade
• European Monarchs now want to
help
• 3rd Crusade becomes known as
Crusade of Kings b/c the
following help:
1. Holy Roman Emperor – Frederick
Barbarossa
2. England’s Richard the Lionheart
3. France’s King Philip Augustus
The Third Crusade
“The Crusade of Bad Luck”
• Barbarossa drowns on the way and
his army goes home.
• Philip gets scared and bails out.
• Richard and army only ones that
reach battle.
• Couldn’t compete with Muslims,
Richard settles for a truce in 1192
AD.
• Opens Jerusalem back to Christians,
but Muslims still control it.
The 4th Crusade
• Started by Pope Innocent III in 1202
• Crusaders get off track, end up
attacking Zara for Venice
• Pope is ticked, excommunicates entire
army
• Venetians and Crusaders go on to
sack Constantinople and burn the city
• Further splits E. Orthodox and Roman
Catholics
The Children’s Crusade (1212-1213)
• Many preachers believe that only the
innocent might save the Holy Land.
• Sources say that thousands of innocent
children died or were sold into slavery.
Outcomes of the Crusades
• Finally in 1291, the Muslims
seized the last outpost of
the Crusader states.
• Muslims were as strong as
ever and the Byzantine
Empire was weaker than
ever.
http://www.ordotempli.org/william_of_claremeont_defending_acre_1291.jpg
Effects of the Crusades
• Power of Pope and
nobles weakened,
monarchs gained
strength
• People realized Church
had tried to use them
• Monarchs also took
advantage of dead
nobles by taking their
land
• Leads to breakdown of
feudal system
http://www.usask.ca/history/uploaded_images/
Kingdom%20of%20heaven-765321.jpg
Finally…
• Crusades also stimulated trade in
Mediterranean and opened up the West to
new ideas.
• However, all this left a BIG grudge among
the Christians, Jews, and Muslims that still
remains today.