Transcript The Crusades

The Crusades
The Fight for the Holy land
Causes of the Crusades
The Pope
Wanted to reunite with Byzantine Empire
(Eastern Orthodox)
Wanted to show power of Papacy
The Knights
Promised Heaven for crusading
Wanted plunder
The Merchants
Wealth from major trading cities in Eastern
Europe and Middle East
“God Will’s it!”
Pope Urban II calls for the crusades in
1095.
8 official crusades and numerous unofficial
crusades follow.
The First Crusade
Results of 1st Crusade
More than ¾ of Crusaders died before
reaching the Muslims
In 1099 the Christians captured about
400 miles of land around Jerusalem
Muslims were slaughtered and Jews
burned to death
Results of the 2nd Crusade
In 1144, the Turks re-conquered the
area won by the Christians in the first
crusade.
Saladin’s success caused Christians
to lead a 3rd crusade.
The Third Crusade
King’s Crusade (3rd)
Third crusade led by three powerful
monarchs
King Philip Augustus, France
Emperor Frederick I, Germany
King Richard I (“Lionheart”), England
Only Richard I survived and made a
peaceful agreement with Saladin in 1192,
leaving Muslim control of Holy land, but
allowed Christians to visit and prosper.
The Fourth Crusade
4th Crusade Never Reaches
Jerusalem
Pope Innocent III ordered 4th crusade
Crusaders attacked Island of Zara
and Constantinople instead, for
wealth
Pope excommunicated them, but
permanent split between Roman
Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
resulted
Crusades 5-8
Crusades 5, 7 & 8 were focused
mostly on Islamic cities in Egypt and
N. Africa, and did not accomplish
much.
Crusade 6 actually saw Jerusalem
back in the hands of the Christians,
but Pope excommunicated the
negotiator of the deal and Jerusalem
ended in the hands of the Muslims.
Effects of Crusade
Decline of papal prestige
Failure to gain control of Holy Land
Decline of noble power
Knights died in battle and of disease and lost land
Decline of Byzantine power
4th Crusade dealt serious blow, it never fully recovered
Increase in monarch power
Kings took advantage of noble misfortune
Increase in religious intolerance
Tensions between Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox,
Muslim, and Jews
Increase in trade
Crusaders like spices and good of Middle East sparked
Age of Exploration