Transcript Aim: The Crusades

Aim: The Crusades
DO NOW: 1) Why did some Crusaders decide to remain in
Palestine (modern Israel) after the Crusades?
Consider, I pray, and reflect bow in our time God has
transferred the West into the East, For we who were
Occidentals now have been made Orientals. He who was a
Roman or a Frank (European) is now a Galilaean, or an
inhabitant of Palestine. One who was a citizen of Rheims or
of Chartres now has been made a citizen of Tyre or of
Antioch (Middle East)… Our parents and relatives from day to
day come to join us, abandoning, even though reluctantly, all
that they possess. For those who were poor there, here God
makes rich. Those who had few coins, here possess countless
besants {an ornament} ; and those who had not had a villa,
here, by the gift of God, already possess a city. Therefore
why should one who has found the East so favorable return
to the West? God does not wish those to suffer want who,
carrying their crosses, have vowed to follow Him, nay even
unto the end….
The Crusades : The Beginning
• In 1093, Byzantine
emperor Alexios I
Komnenos asks Pope
Urban II for help
fighting the Turks
• Pope Urban II issues a
call for a Crusade—a
“holy war”
Goals of Crusades
• Pope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite
Christianity
• Kings use Crusades to send away knights who cause
trouble
• or win glory by fighting (althougYounger sons hope to
earn land h historian Rodney Stark in God’s Battalions:
The Case for the Crusades disagrees with that theory
because the first three crusades were led by the heads
of the royal families of Europe).
• Later, merchants join Crusades to try to gain wealth
through trade.
First Crusade 1096-99
• Pope promises
Crusaders who die a
place in heaven
• First Crusade: three
armies gather at
Constantinople in
1097
• Crusaders capture
Jerusalem in 1099
• Captured lands along
coast divided into
four Crusader states
Second Crusade 1147-1148
• Muslims take
back Edessa in
1144; Second
crusade fails to
retake it
• In 1187,
Saladin—
Muslim leader
and Kurdish
warrior—
retakes
Jerusalem
The Third Crusade
• The Third Crusade was
led by three powerful
rulers
• King Richard I of
England (the lionhearted)
• The Robin Hood stories
and legends often
surround Richard I
returning from the
Third Crusade.
• King Phillip II of France
• King Frederick I
“Barbarossa” of the
Holy Roman Empire
(Germany)
• Phillip II of France abandons
Crusade after arguing with
Richard
• The argument was over
Richard breaking off an
engagement with Phillip’s
sister.
• Frederick I of Germany (Holy
Roman Empire) drowns during
the journey
• In 1192 Richard and Saladin
make peace after many battles
• Saladin keeps Jerusalem but
allows Christian pilgrims to
enter the city
Fourth Crusade
• Fourth Crusade (1200-1204)
• Crusaders sack the Christian
city Zara and are
excommunicated by the
pope for it.
• The Venetian leadership
keeps their
excommunication a secret.
Then Crusaders sack
Constantinople in 1204
• Two other Crusades strike
Egypt, but fail to weaken
the Muslims
Effects of the Crusades
• Crusades show power of Church in convincing
thousands to fight
• Women who stay home manage the estate
and business affairs
• Merchants expand trade, bring back many
goods from Southwest Asia
• Failure of later crusades weakens pope and
nobles, strengthens kings
• Crusades create lasting bitterness between
Muslims and Christians