Transcript Unit: Medieval Europe Topic: Cultural Achievements

The Crusades
Directions:

Finish the sentences on your Crusades
worksheet using the information you
see on this Crusades Power Point.

You will have to paraphrase (put into
your own words) some of the
information to use it properly in your
sentences.
I. Background
A. In 1050, the Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took
control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem) .
The Holy Land
contains the city of
Jerusalem and is
considered holy to
Jews, Christians
and Muslims.
B. In 1095,
Pope Urban
II organized
a crusade (a
holy war by
Christians to
recapture
Jerusalem
from the
Muslims).
At the Council of Clermont,
Pope Urban II declared,
“Deus lo volt!” or “God wills
it!”
C. There were
NINE Crusades
fought over 200
years.
D. European kings
united for the
church instead of
fighting each
other.
II. Causes of the Crusades
1. Pope Urban II
believed this
would increase
his power.
2. Christians
believed they
would go to
heaven.
3. Nobles wanted
wealth, land
and adventure!
4. Serfs hoped to
escape feudal
oppression
(hardship).
III. During the Crusades
The Siege of Antioch
In the First Crusade, Christians won.
They captured Jerusalem in 1099,
massacring Muslim inhabitants.

The Second Crusade was called when
Crusading states (lands where Crusaders
had conquered and settled near the Holy
Land) were attacked by Muslims.
Crusaders were defeated by Muslim
forces. Muslims won.

During the Third Crusade, from 1187 to
1192, the Muslim general Saladin and
Christian general Richard the Lionhearted
fought for control of Jerusalem. They
eventually signed a peace treaty to stop
the fighting.
Saladin – the Muslim General
He forbade his
soldiers to kill,
harm, or steal
from the
Crusaders, who
had surrendered
to him.
Richard the
Lion-Hearted,
famous King of
England.
Though he vowed to
retake Jerusalem in
the Third Crusade
(1189-1192), it
never happened.


During the Third
Crusade, Saladin
learned that
Richard’s horse
was killed.
He sent him
another horse,
declaring that so
gallant a warrior
should not have to
fight on foot!



Another account tells
that Richard fell ill
and wanted fruit and
drink.
Saladin sent him
pears, peaches, and
his personal doctor!
Saladin repeatedly
remarked that if he
must lose Jerusalem,
he’d rather lose it to
Richard than to any
other man alive.
These two leaders greatly respected one
another.
The Fourth Crusade was supposed to regain
Jerusalem, but the crusading knights ended up
looting Constantinople.
Muslims overran the crusader states by 1291. This time, the
Muslims massacred the Christian inhabitants after their
victory.
How many Crusades were there?
There’s some debate about this, because defining
the nature of a Crusade gets a little more difficult
as we head toward the early modern period. For
example, some Crusades, like the Fourth, never
even made it to the Holy Land—and others, like
that against the Cathars in France, never even
intended to head toward Jerusalem. If we define
Crusade as a military effort to bring portions of the
Middle East—particularly Jerusalem—under
Christian control, then we can identify roughly
eight or nine within the medieval period.
Short Crusades Summary
Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBim4
Ma0QKA (6minutes)

http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/vid
eos/the-crusades (4 minutes)
IV. Impact/ Effects/ Results/
Outcomes of the Crusades
1. A legacy of
religious hatred &
intolerance
between
Christians,
Muslims and
Jews.
2. Education Increased in Europe
•
Europeans gained a
wider view of the
world.
DON’T WRITE!
•Europeans were exposed to
Muslim math, science,
literature and art.
•Rediscovery of Greek and
Roman writings (Muslims
preserved them too!)
3. Increased trade between Europe and Asia
 As demand for good grew, Italian city
states (Venice & Florence) grew
DON’T WRITE!
spices, sugar, lemons, rugs, coffee, perfumes,
silk, cotton, raisins and glass.
4. A money economy grew in Europe
 Peasants paid rent in $$, not labor
 Taxes financed Crusades
5. Increased power of
European kings
 Kings won the right
to tax people.
 The power of the
feudal nobility
declined.