Transcript Pope Urban II called on knights of Christendom to

1095: First Crusade
Event: Pope Urban II called on knights of
Christendom to rescue Jerusalem and
the Holy Land from the infidels
Significance: Led by counts and nobles,
not kings. Thousands responded; 25%
reached the Holy Land
1099
Event: Crusaders
captured Jerusalem
Significance:
Crusaders controlled
an area from Edessa
to Jerusalem.
Thousands of Jews
and Muslims were
killed
1144: Second Crusade
Event: Edessa
was recaptured by
the Turks
Significance:
Crusaders were
defeated
1187: Third Crusade
Event: Jerusalem fell to Saladin and the
Seljuk Turks
Significance: King’s Crusade - Philip II
of France, Frederick I of HRE, and
Richard I of England
1192
Event: Three year truce between
Richard I and Saladin
Significance: Unarmed Christian
pilgrims could freely visit the holy
places in Jerusalem
1202: Fourth Crusade
Event: Pope Innocent III
called for yet another
crusade to recapture
Jerusalem
Significance: Merchants
promised ships money
in exchange for
attacking the island of
Zara. Pope protested
the diversion
1204
Event: Constantinople was sacked
and controlled by the crusaders for 57
years
Significance: Any hope for a
reunification of Eastern and Western
Churches was forever lost
1229: Sixth Crusade
Event: Frederick II of HRE negotiated
a treaty with Saladin’s nephew
Significance: Jerusalem
was returned to Christian
rule but Frederick was
excommunicated for
entering a pact with the
devil
1291
Event: City of Acre fell to the Muslims
Significance: Concept of Christendom
was lessened; replaced by loyalty one’s
homelands (England, France, and Spain)
•The 5th, 7th, and
8th crusades were
aimed at Islamic
cities in Egypt and
N. Africa.
•French King Louis
IX won wide
respect and was
later declared a
saint, although
these crusades
accomplished little.
•Started by Nicholas of Cologne
•Joined by 1000’s of children
•Journeyed to Rome where Pope told
them to go home
•At same time @ 20,000 French children
boarded 7 ships for the Holy Land
•2 ships destroyed, other 5 sailed to
North Africa where the children were sold
as slaves
Popes’ Goals: hope to heal the breach
between Western and Eastern churches
with pope emerging as head of united
church
Knights’ goals: forgiveness for sins,
chance to win glory in battle; earthly
rewards
Merchants’ goals: wanted total control of
rich trade routes
Sanctified the use of
violence in defense of an
idea