Transcript The Beginnings of Our Global Age

The Beginnings of Our Global
Age
Chapter 14
1415-1796
Section 1- The Search for Spices
Europeans traded with ______ long before
the Renaissance
The Crusades introduced Europeans to many
_____ goods
By the 1400s, spices became the most
______ goods-preserve food, flavor meat,
medicines, perfume
Spice Island in present day IndonesiaMoluccas
Portugal
Prince Henry-sponsored exploration
1. Saw great promise in Africa-converts to
Christianity
2. Find the sources of the riches the Muslim
traders controlled
3. Hoped to find an easier way to reach
______ by going around Africa
4. Redesigned _____, prepared maps, and
trained captains and crews for long
voyages
• 1488- Bartholomeau Dias rounded the
southern tip of Africa-Cape of _____ Hope
• 1497-Vasco da Gama reached the spice
port of ______, seized key ports, vast
trading network
• Christopher Columbus-Italian navigator
who sailed for Spain
– October 12th 1492-spotted land, found a route
previously unknown ______
• Line of Demarcation- divided the nonEuropean world into ____ zones
Direct Routes
• “Northwest Passage”-route from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific through the
____ Islands
• Ferdinand Magellan-sailed west, reaching
the ________ where he died
– 3 years later, 1 ship, and 18 men became the
first to ________ the globe on Sept. 8th, 1522
Section 2
Turbulent Centuries in Africa
Portugal Gains Footholds
• Built small forts in West Africa to collect
food and water and to repair their ships
• Attacked East African coastal cities, which
were hubs for ____________ trade at the
time
• Took control of trade networks from ____
• 1500-1600, _____ became the most
important item of African trade
• Portuguese traders quickly joined in the
profitable slave trade
• Europeans bought large numbers of
slaves to perform labor on their ________
• Europeans relied on African rulers and
traders to seize captives in the interior
• King _____ I- wanted to maintain contact
with Europe but end the slave trade
New African States
• Loss of countless young women and men
resulted in some small states _______
forever
• ______ Kingdom-efficient bureaucracy,
managed royal monopolies on gold mining
and the slave trade
• Played rival Europeans against one
another to protect themselves
European Presence Expands
• British, Dutch, and French traders took over
the forts left by the ___________
• Cape Town-first permanent European
settlement to supply ships sailing to or from
the ____ Indies
• Boers-settled around Cape Town, ousted,
enslaved, or killed people who lived there.
• Calvinist belief that they were the elect, or
chosen by God-looked on Africans as
______
Section 3
European Footholds in South
and Southeast Asia
Portugal Again
• Under the command of Afonso de
Albuquerque burst into the Indian Ocean
• Won over local princes to their side with
promises of ___ against other Europeans
• Also hoped to end Muslim power in the
north
• In less than __ years, the Portuguese built
a trading empire with military and merchant
outposts
– 1500s-controlled the ____ trade between
Europe and Asia
The Dutch
• First to Challenge the Portuguese
Domination
• Dutch East India Company-had full
________ powers- wage wars, negotiate
peace treaties, and govern overseas
territory
• 1641-Captured Malacca and opened trade
with China, enforced a monopoly on the
Spice Islands
• Forged closer ties with local rulers
SpainPhilippines
• Filipinos were not
united and could not
be easily conquered
• Spanish priests set
out to convert people
to _________
• Large quantities of
American silver
flowed into the
economies of East
Asian Nations
Mughal India
• Center of valuable
____ trade
• World leader in textile
manufacturing
• Larger, richer, and
more powerful than any
kingdom in ______
• Conflicts between
Hindu and Muslim
princes
• Increased taxes,
corruption, sepoys
Encounters in East Asia
Section 4
Contact with Ming China
• “Our Empire Owns the World”-the Ming
had no interest in Europeans
• Chinese demand payment in gold and
silver
• Foreigners could trade only at Canton
under the supervision of _____ officials
• Chinese welcomed the chance to learn
about Renaissance Europe from ______
priests
Manchu Conquest
• Ming dynasty was decaying and invaders
from the north pushed through the Great
Wall
• Qing (ching) Dynasty established, adopted
the _______ system of government
• New Crops from the Americas such as
potatoes and corn, boosted farm output
and population boomed
• Demand for Chinese goods grew
Korean Isolationism
• Japanese invaders ______ in 1592 and
1597
• 1636-the Manchus invaded, becomes a
tributary state
• Excluded all foreigners except _____ and
a few Japanese
• Few contacts for ___ years, tribute
missions brought back maps as well as
books on scientific discoveries
Japan
• Japanese ____ welcomed Westerners
• Adopted Western firearms and printing
press
• Adopted ______
• Threat that Spain had seized the
Philippines and Christians owed their
allegiance to the pope
• Barred all European merchants and forbade
Japanese to travel abroad