Transcript European Exploration

• 4/21 Focus:
– Soon after European powers had
established direct trading links with Asia,
they sought to gain more permanent
control there
• Important Terms:
• Imperialism
• Do Now:
– Which Portuguese explorer established a
direct trade route with India?
• Imperialism
– The domination by one
country of the political
and/or economic life of
another country
– Europeans countries
competed with each
other to gain colonies in
Asia, Africa, and the
Americas
•
• Took control of Indian trade
network from Muslims in the
early 1500’s
– Dominated trade in the Indian
Ocean and Southeast Asia
• Seized the port of Malacca
in Southeast Asia
– Was an important Arab
trading city
– Gave Portuguese control of
spice trade between Europe
and Asia
• Portugal was a powerful sea
power but could not conquer
large territories on land
– Portuguese leaders,
merchants and missionaries
created resentment among
many in Southeast Asia
• Intolerant polices of Governor
Alfonso de Albuquerque
• Destruction of Hindu Temples
• Massacre of Muslims
– Led to the decline of
Portuguese power in the
Indian Ocean in the late
1500’s
• First European nation
to challenge Portugal
for control of Asian
spice trade
– The Dutch East India
Company
• Trading company formed
by group of wealthy
Dutch merchants
• Regulated trade
between Holland and
other parts of the world
•
• Seized Malacca from the
Portuguese in 1641
• Created less resentment
among Asian populations
than Portuguese by being
more tolerant of
different beliefs
– Allowed them to establish
closer ties with local
leaders
• Dutch came to dominant
the spice trade
• Gained colonies in
Southeast Asia in
the 1500’s
– Financed Magellan's
circumnavigation of
the globe
• Magellan claimed the
Philippine Islands for
Spain in 1521
– Gave Spain a base to
trade with China and
spread Christianity to
East Asia
•
• Decline of the Mughal
Empire allowed France and
England to gain influence
in India
• British East India
Company made alliances
with local rulers and
created an army of Indian
troops
• Known as sepoys
• pushed French out of their
trading posts
• England became the real
power in India
• 4/22 Focus:
– Europeans had met with much resistance in
their efforts to open the East trade.
Expansion to the West in the Americas
would be much more successful
• Do Now:
– What was the difference between the way
the Portuguese dealt with people in Asia
and the way the Dutch dealt with people in
Asia?
• Chinese
restricted
foreign trade
during the Ming
and Qing
dynasties
– Thought European
goods were
inferior
– Limited trade to
port of Macao
• Matteo Ricci
– Jesuit priest who was
welcomed by the Ming
in China
– Shared European
knowledge of arts and
science
– Ming were not
interested in
Christianity
• Portuguese
traders and
missionaries
came to Japan
in the 16th
century
• Tokugawa Shogunate
feared foreign
influences and
conversion of people to
Christianity
– Began persecuting
Christians
– Issued Edict of 1635
closing Japan to
Europeans
• Japanese not allowed to
travel to other countries
Exploration
• China sends Zheng He
on voyages of
exploration to India,
Middle East, and East
Africa
• Portuguese establish
trading outposts
throughout Asia & gain
control of Asian spice
trade (early 1500’s)
• Dutch take control of
Asian Spice trade
from Portuguese
• Europeans sail to China
and Japan in search of
more trade
Isolation
• China stops voyages of
exploration in 1433
• Starting in the 1500’s
the Chinese restrict
trade with foreigners
• Japan outlaws
Christianity in 1612
• Japan beings closed
country policy and
remains isolated from
Europe for 200 years
Ottomans
disrupted
overland trade
routes
Spices, silks,
precious metals,
fruits
Wanted to
avoid Italian
and Muslim
merchants
European
Motives
for
Exploration
Desire for
trade with
Asia
Crusades
Spread
Christianity
Marco Polo
Pax Mongolia
Founded by Babur
Spread Shiite form
of Islam
Controlled
Persia
Golden age under
Shah Abbas
Safavid
Empire
India
Islamic
Empires
Taj Mahal example
of Mughal
architecture
Mughal
Empire
Akbar was absolute
ruler
Turkish group
Capture
Constantinople
Disrupt European
trade routes
Ottoman
Empire
Experience golden
age under Suleiman
Promoted religious
toleration
Scientific Revolution
• Heliocentric theory
challenges
geocentric theory
• Copernicus
• Math and
observation support
heliocentric theory
• Galileo, Keppler,
Newton
• Scientific method
develops
• Bacon &
Descartes
New approach to
solving problems
and thinking about
the world
developed based on
observation,
experimentation,
and challeinging
traditional ideas
• What was the reaction of the Chinese
and Japanese to the presence of
Europeans in Asia?