Transcript I. Discovery and Settlement of the New World

Objective- Students will understand the reasons
Europe/England began settling North America and the
hardships faced
Terms to Master- Define by end of class
Bartolomea Dias
Virginia Company
Columbian Exchange
House of Burgesses
Encomienda
Spanish Armada (impact)
Jamestown
Charter
I. Discovery and Settlement of the New
World
A. Exploration in 16th Century (What
was the motivation to explore?)
*new route to Asia for spices, silk and
gold
1. Portugal- first to explore
Atlantic
a. Bartolomea Dias (1487- 1st
European to reach tip of
Africa)
*route to India around Africa
dominated by Portugal
*Why does this motivate
Spain to find westward
route?
Spanish Exploration
• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (unite
Spain, Spain begins age of exploration
– Christopher Columbus- “discovers”
New World (1492)
– Hernan Cortes- conquers Aztecs and
Mexico (1520)
– Pizarro- conquers Inca/S. America
• Horses and Disease- introduced by
Spain, 90% of Native Am. die
• Columbian Exchange- exchange of
goods from New World to Europe
– *IE= potatoes, tobacco, and corn from
Americas
– *How did Columbus’ discovery
change Europe? Native
Americans?
– Did Columbus discover “The New
World”?
Spanish Settlement
• Latin America
– Imperial Bureaucracy- Sp. Colonies
ran by King
• No Self Government
– Catholic Church- largest land owner,
goal convert Na.Am. to Catholicism
• Encomienda- system of slavery
that put N.Am. to work on
missions
– Reason for few Blacks in
Mexico
– Mining (Gold)- Sp. id not set up
businesses, simply extracted
minerals
• Little Diversification in Economy
– How is this difference between
the settlement of Mexico and
the US evident today?
English Exploration
• Push Factors – why leave England
– High Birth rate- rich have lots of children
• Law of Primogeniture- only oldest
son inherits land
– How are the other siblings
impacted by this law?
– Protestantism vs. Catholicism- Prot.
felt Catholic church was corrupt, Cath.
angry at those that broke away from
Pope
• Spanish Armada- Sp.(Cath) Tries to
invade Eng(Prot), Sp. loses
– England controls the North
Atlantic (can now settle N.Am.)
*Would you go?
Early English Colonization
• Roanoke- 1st attempt, fails
• Jamestown- 1st successful city
– Virginia Company (Joint Stock
Company) pays for Jamestown,
goal make $
• Gentleman Settlers- rich, did not
know how to survive in wild
– Gold- looked for, found none
– Starving Time- majority of
settlers died
» Why are the settlers
dying? (and N.AM. ok)
– John Smith- organized
Jamest., saved colony
• Tobacco- made Jamest.
profitable
– John Rolfe- created
smoother tobacco
» What was the reason why
you felt people first moved
to United States?
Compare that to why you
felt people came to US
What about the Native Americans?
• Powhatans- local Na.Am. near Jamest.
• 3D’s- why Na.Am. failed in Eng.
colonies
– Disease- died
– Disorganization- tribes hated each
other,
– Disposability- no mining, no need to
unskilled labor like in Mex.
• How would things have been
different if English settlers decided
to live in harmony with Native
Americans?
• Was there an alternative to the
harsh treatment of Native
Americans?