Transcript Global Exploration

Global Exploration
Unit 9
“New World”
Timeline:
Voyages of Zheng He
1453- The Ottoman
Empire took over the
Byzantine Empire
1420
1430
1415- Prince Henry
“the Navigator” began
A school for ocean
Exploration in Portugal
1440
1450
1460
1492 – Christopher
Columbus accidentally
Found the “New World”
For Spain
1470
1480
1490
1488 – Dias sailed
Around the southern
Tip of Africa
1500
1498 – De Gama
Reaches India
from Portugal
1532 – Pizarro
Defeats the Incas
1510
1520
1521 – Magellan’s
crew sails around
the world & Cortez
Defeats the Aztecs
Chinese Exploration
Zheng He:
- The Great Chinese explorer in
the early 1400s
- Sailed ships from Southeast
Asia to India to Arabia and to
Africa and back
Results:
- Chinese abandoned further
world exploration
- Burned his ships and destroyed
all records of his travels
- There was nothing that the
Chinese were interested in
outside China
European Exploration
Reasons why they began
exploration: 3 G’s
1.
2.
3.
Gold: Find new wealth
(trade, resources, land)
God: Spread Christianity
(missionaries)
Glory: Fame for the
explorer and power for
his nation
New Technologies: allowed Europeans to sail
into the open oceans
Chinese Origin:
- Compass – used to determine
directions
- Rudder: used to steer a ship
- Gunpowder
Muslim Origin:
- Astrolabe
- Astronomical tables
- Lateen sail – improved steering
and to catch the wind better
European Origin:
- Better maps
- Caravel (ship)
Significant European Explorers
Vasco De Gama:
1.
2.
Portuguese
1st to sail around
Africa (Cape of Good
Hope)
Ferdinand Magellan
-
-
-
Portuguese
His crew was the first
to sail around the world
Tip of South America
is called the Strait of
Magellan
Discovered the Pacific
Ocean
Christopher Columbus
-
-
Italian
Cristobal Colon
Tried to get to the
Indies by sailing west
Accidentally
“discovered” a New
World for the
Europeans
Imperialism
Imperialism: Powerful nation taking over weaker
cultures and totally dominating their way of life
Colonialism: Political relationship between a powerful
“Mother Country” and a weaker “colony” (the
colony follows the Mother Country’s rules)
Treaty of Tordesillas: An agreement between Spain
and Portugal on how to divide control of lands in the
new world. Spain got all of the lands West of the line
– Portugal all of the lands East of the line
Raw Materials & Plantation
Cash Crops
Cheap Trade
Products
Middle Passage
West Indies
Treaty of Tordesillas
Atlantic Triangle Trade
Triangle Trade: Trading system that used the colonies to
generate the money for European traders
Slave Trade:
- Using humans as a trade product
- Africans taken to the New World to work on plantations
Middle Passage:
- The part of the trip that slaves took from Africa to the New
World
- Many died under terrible conditions
Case Study: Spanish Imperialism
Where: “New World” – Central and South
America (Latin America)
Conquistadors: “Conquerors” Spanish military
leaders
- Hernan Cortes: Defeated the Aztecs
- Francisco Pizarro: Defeated the Incas
Reasons for Spanish Success
-
-
-
More advance weapons: gunpowder, horses,
armor
Aztec and Inca enemies often found the
Spanish as allies
Europeans diseases wiped out many natives
Encomienda System: Spanish
government – gave Spanish
colonists land and the right to
use natives as workers (slaves)
Roman Catholic Church: Became
an important link between the
Spanish government and the
natives
Mixed Culture: Natives – Europeans
– Africans mixed their cultures
to develop a new “Latin
American” culture
Social Classes
-
-
-
Based on race – not wealth
The more European (whites) the more power
Peninsulares: People born in Europe (on the Iberian
Peninsula [Spain and Portugal])
Creoles: European parents, born in the New World
Mestizos: One European parent and one native
American parent
Mulattoes: One European parent and one African
parent
POWERFUL
Peninsulares
Creole
Mestizos
Mulattoes
Native Americans
Black Americans
Zambo: Native Americans/Africans
WEAK
Columbian Exchange
-
Named After Columbus
A global exchange of natural and cultural products
Foods – Animals – Languages – Technology - Ideas
Mercantilism
The economic relationship between a “Mother
Country” and its “colony”
Designed to make money for the Mother
Country
Raw Materials
Colony
Mother Country
Finished Products
Essential Questions
1.
How were the goals and accomplishments
of the Chinese and European explorers
different?
Chinese: Their journey supported
ethnocentric beliefs (Chinese to stay isolated
Europeans: They tried to improve their
situation [lifestyle] (Europe became the most
powerful region in the world)
Essential Questions Continued…..
2. What were the negative results of European conquest of
Latin America and Africa?
- Natives died
- Their land was taken
- Forced to learn European culture
3. What were the positive aspects of European conquest?
- European technologies were introduced
- European economy got better
- Better understanding of the world