Transcript Exploration and Expansion

Exploration and
Expansion
Essential Questions
What factors contributed to
the Europeans entrance into
their age of discovery and
expansion?
 What were the general
consequences of European
expansion?
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Technology
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Compass (China)
Astrolabe (Arabs) –
latitude/longitude
Triangle-shaped sails
(Arabs) - faster
Reasons for Expansion
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Three G’s
• Gold (Economic) –
Wealth; markets in Asia
(spices)
• Glory (Political)– Power
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Strong monarchies
(Portugal, Spain, France,
England)
Humanism/Renaissance
• God – (Religious)
Christianity
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Prince Henry the
Navigator – established a
school for sailors
Bartholomew Diaz –
1487, Cape of Good Hope
in S. Africa
Vasco da Gama – 1498,
around Africa to India
Portuguese
Spanish
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Columbus (October 12,1492)
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Ferdinand and Isabella – Spain
Need a western route to Asia – why?
San Salvador (Bahamas)
Called natives “Indians”
Made 3 more trips; never knew he had
discovered a new continent
Magellan
• Circumnavigated the globe – first complete
western water route to Asia
• He died in the Philippines
Dividing the New World
1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas splits new
territory
 Brazil = Portuguese
 Rest of South America = Spanish
Spanish Empire
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Columbian Exchange
• Europe Received – corn, cocoa,
potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans
• Americas Received – horses, cows, pigs,
sugar; ultimately disease
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Conquistadors
• Cortes – conquered Aztecs in Mexico
• Pizarro – conquered Incas in Peru
European Rivals
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Dutch (Netherlands)
• New Netherlands (NY)
• Dutch East India
Company
French
• Looked for the
Northwest Passage
through America
• Champlain (Quebec)
• Fur trade w/Indians
English
• 1607 -Jamestown –
John Smith – 1st perm.
English settlement
• Oldest settlement?
(1565)
Slave Trade
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Slavery not new to Africa
• Sent to Middle East for domestic
work
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Sugarcane (Portuguese)
• Changed slavery for Europeans
• Plantations in Caribbean and Brazil
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African slave traders controlled
slave trade
Middle Passage
Destroyed traditional African
societies as demand for slaves
increased
Middle Passage
Results of Expansion
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Great wealth for European nations – greed
and power
Rivalries developed over colonies
Increased European trade with Asia
Colonization of the Americas
Destruction of Native populations
(disease, superior technology)
Dramatic increase in the slave trade
African civilizations destroyed
New products (Columbian Exchange)