Transcript GC Unit 6

14.1, 15.1 and 15.2
The Age of Exploration
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Understand European motivation for exploring
the seas
Analyze the results of the first encounters
between the Spanish and Native Americans
Understand the short and long term effects of
the Spanish on the peoples of the Americas
Analyze the major features of Spanish colonial
society and culture
Motivations


“Glory, God and Gold”
Gold:Spices (Cinnamon, Pepper, nutmeg,
salt)
Demand had risen as population recovered
 Need to cut out the middle men

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
God: Chance to crusade against heathens and
spread Roman Catholic faith
Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry and
individualism
Medieval Trade Routes
Portuguese are the first

Led by Prince Henry
(1415-1460)

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Redesigned ships,
made maps, trained
sailors
Bartholomeu Dias:
Southern most tip of
Africa (1488)
Vasco da Gama:
First to reach India;
established trading in
India (1498)
Innovation and Invention

Maps (Cartography)

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
Prince Henry the Navigator (Institute at
Sagres)
The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass
Better vessels called Caravels


triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls
Better cannons
Christopher Columbus

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Spain wants in on trade
profits
Sail West to get East
1492 Ferdinand and Isabella
give him 3 ships
 Depart Aug 3rd
 Scurvy, misery
 Arrive at San Salvador October
12th 1492
Dividing the World

Fought over by Spain
& Portugal

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The issue was settled
by Pope Alexander VI
who drew a Line of
Demarcation to
separate Spanish land
from Portuguese land
Later the Treaty of
Tordsillas
Port. Get Brazil
Later Spanish Explorers


Amerigo Vespucci (1507)
Vasco Nunez De Balboa (1513)


Juan Ponce De Leon
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Florida/Fountain of Youth
Francisco De Coronado (1540)


Pacific Ocean
7 cities of Gold/Grand Canyon
Hernando De Soto (1541)

Mississippi River
Ferdinand Magellan

September 1519 set out for a 2 year voyage to
circumnavigate
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November 1520 3 ships enter the Strait of
Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean
March 1521 reach the Philippines


Portuguese but working for Spain
5 ships 285 men
Magellan killed
September 8th 1522 18 men and 1 ship return
home
Conquistadors

Spanish conquistadors (conquers)
attacked the natives in the Caribbean

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Found enormous amounts of Gold and silver
Forced the natives to convert to Christianity
and work for them
Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs
(Montezuma) in Mexico
Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incas
(Atahualpa) in Peru
The Spanish Model of Colonization

Policies

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Viceroys (royal governors provide tight
control)
No women except natives = mestizo
Wealth based on exploitation of natives and
then Africans (by 1542)
The Northwest Passage

1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to
look for a way over N. America to the East

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Newfoundland
1535 Jacques Cartier and Samuel De
Champlain (France)
Henry Hudson

1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for the
Dutch
English, French and Dutch Explorers
Explorer
Date
Country
Discovery
John Cabot
1497
England
New England
Coast
(Grand banks)
France
St. Lawrence River
Jacques Cartier 1534
Samuel De
Champlain
1603
France
Founded Quebec
Henry Hudson
1609
England
Netherlands
Hudson Bay
New York