What is the Internet?
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Transcript What is the Internet?
What is the Internet?
Living Online Lesson 2
Objectives
Explain the origin of the Internet.
Explain how to connect to the
Internet from home and school.
Explain how the Internet works.
List the major features of the
Internet and explain what they do.
Evolution of the Internet
In the Beginning…
Department of defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA).
Its mission was to apply state-of-the-art
technology to US defense and to avoid
being surprised by technological
advances of the enemy.
It was also given interim control of the
US satellite program until the creation
of NASA in October 1958.
Original name was ARPANET- a
computer network system .
Next
1969 4 main host nodes (a computer
directly connected to the network)
were connected
• University of California at Santa Barbara
• University of California at Los Angeles
• Stanford Research Institute
• University of Utah
1972
• Email added
Major growth
100,000 computers were added in
1989
1990 ARPANET ceased to exist
World Wide Web started in 1992
1993 the 1st browser, Mosaic, was
released.
• Internet access grew 340%.
How Do I Get Online?
Traditional Ways
Accessing the Internet
From school
• Local Area Network
(LAN)
• Network Interface
Card (NIC)
• High speed
connection line
leased from the
local telephone
company (T1)
• Web Browser
Accessing the Internet
From home
• Modem and a
telephone line
• Locate Internet
Service Provider (ISP)
• Install
Telecommunications
software (allows your
computer to talk to
another computer)
• Install a Web browser
Connecting from Home
Connect phone line to your
modem
Install telecommunication
software
Dial a local telephone
number
• This number connects to
ISP’s computer (server)
This computer connects to the
Internet
Other Internet
Connections
Other types of Connections
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) –
uses high speed digital line
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) – uses high speed
digital line
Cable modem – uses coaxial cable
WebTV – TV acts as monitor to view web pages,
uses regular telephone line, black box has
modem and hard drive installed to access
Internet.
Satellite
These connections are more expensive than
regular dial up.
How Does the Internet
Work?
Think Post Office
It’s called interoperability.
• A network that connects to other networks
that have all brands, models, and makes of
computers who communicate with each other.
First, you must know the address of where
you want to go.
You type in the domain name (web site
address)
• Identifies a site on the Internet
The address you typed in is sent from
your home PO (ISP) to another computer’s
PO (ISP)
How it Works
Protocol
• A standard format for transferring data
between 2 devices
• The agreed upon international standard for
transmitting data: TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Considered the language of the web
TCP allows 2 computers to establish a
connection and exchange info
IP works with the addresses allowing you
to send addresses to another computer
Major Features
The World Wide Web
Better known as The Web
Subset of the Internet
Consists of a collection of electronic files
known as web pages
Clicking links takes you to another set of
files or web site
Web began in March 1989 by Tim BernersLee
Increased in 1993 when Marc Andreessen
released Mosaic—the first graphical
Internet browser
Web Protocol: http
Protocols
• HyperText Transfer Protocol (http) indicates a page is a
web page
Most common one we use to see web pages
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Used to download or upload files
• Gopher
• TelNet
• And many others
Domain: the place (address) where the web
pages are loaded
protocol + domain = URL
• URL – universal resource locator
Web Protocol: HTML
HyperText Markup Language
• Determines how pages are formatted
and displayed
• A text page with markup tags
A Sample Web Text Document
<html>
<head> <title>Mrs. Elzey's Home Page
</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=pink><b><center>Internet Skills
Home Page</center></b> <br><br><br>
<hr>
<Font face=Arial size=14 color=blue>I have Internet
Skills during periods 1 & 7</font>
<br>
<br>
<p>
<ol>
<li> <font color=red>apples </font>
<li> bananas
<li> oranges
<li> pears
</ol>
<img src=car.jpg>
<p>
<ul>
<li> pencils
<li> pens
<li> crayons
<li> markers
</ul>
</body>
</html>
E-Mail
Stands for Electronic Mail
• A way to send electronic messages from 1
computer to another
• Can include attachments such as pictures,
sounds, video, or documents
Each address is unique and consists of 3
parts:
• User name
•@
• User’s domain name (the name of the server
where you e-mail is stored until you retrieve
it)
Protocol
• Username + @ + domain name
Chat Rooms
Real-time communication between yourself
and another person or persons
A virtual world
Like being on the phone but instead of
hearing them you must read what is being
said.
Several chat forums available.
•
•
•
•
AOL Instant Message
Internet Relay Chat
Yahoo
ICU Game
Mailing Lists
A group of people with a shared interest
Email messages are collected in a group
You send a message to one address
Everyone in the group receives the same
message
Magazines and others use this to get subscribers
Type of mailing lists include:
•
•
•
•
Announcements
Discussions
Public and private lists
Digest versions
Newsgroups
Discussion forum or type of bulletin board
You select the topic you want to read from many
topics available
You must have a newsreader to participate in a
newsgroup
USENET facilitates the transmission of messages
among the news servers
The protocol that makes this possible is NNTP.
There are over 50,000 and the number is
increasing each day.
Easy to navigate because they are organized by
subject.
File Transfer Protocol
FTP allows users to
download and upload files
to and from computers on
the Internet
Some require passwords
and user Ids.
File compression reduces
the size of a file so it can
download or upload faster.
WS_FTP is one example
that is free to students and
educational institutions.