Transcript Plant Reliability - Delaware Valley Appalachian Chapter

Plant Reliability
Larry Jump
JDSU
Field Applications Engineer
814 692 4294
[email protected]
TAC 866 228 3762 Opt. 3 / 2
Agenda 3 major areas of concern
 Coax
 Fiber
 Inside plant
2
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Purpose
 To provide better service to our customers in light
of competition
– Maintain plant instead of reacting to problems
– Be alerted to issues before the customer notices
– Maintain reliability for essential services
 To increase revenues
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The outside plant
WHY SWEEP?
• Less manpower needed
• Sweeping can does reduce the number of
service calls
Cracked hardline
found with SWEEP
Channel 12 video
problems
Internet not
working
VOD not
working
5
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
WHY SWEEP?
Loose Face
Plate
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
No Termination
Sweep vs. Signal Level Meter Measurements
 References: Sweep systems allow a reference to be stored
eliminating the effect of headend level error or headend level drift.
 Sweep Segments: Referenced sweep makes it possible to
divide the HFC plant into network sections and test its performance
against individual specifications.
 Non-Invasive: Sweep systems can measure in unused
frequencies. This is most important during construction and system
overbuilding.
 BEST Solution to align: Sweep systems are more accurate,
faster and easier to interpret than measuring individual carriers.
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Frequency Response Definition
 System’s ability properly to transmit signals
from headend to subscriber and back
throughout the designed frequency range
 Expected Results (Traditionally): n/10 + x =
max flatness variation
• where n = number of amplifiers in cascade
• where x = best case flatness figure (supplied by
manufacturer)
 Expected Results in current HFC Networks:
Typically < 3 to 4 dB max flatness variation
anywhere in the network (check with your
Manager for max flatness variation limits)
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Forward Path Considerations
 Diverging System
 Constant Outputs
 Channel Plan to Match Fixed Signals
–video / audio / digital carriers
 Sweep Telemetry Carriers, 1MHz wide
 System Noise
–is the sum of cascaded amplifiers
 Balance or Align (Sweep)
–compensate for losses before the amp
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Sweep Reference Considerations
 Typically the node is used for the reference
 Use test probe designed for node/amp
 It’s a good engineering practice to store a new
reference each day
 Establish reference points to simplify ongoing
maintenance (sweep file overlay)
 Need to know amps hidden losses in return
path (Block diagrams / Schematics)
 Need to know where to inject sweep pulses
and the recommended injection levels
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Unity Gain in the forward path
H
R
R
L
Each amplifier compensates for the
loss in the cable and passives before
the amplifier under test. The system is
aligned so that the levels at each green
arrow are exactly the same.
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Why do we need Unity Gain?
32/26
22
30/24
31/25
23
22
22
23
If Unity Gain is not observed
distortions and or noise build up
quickly!
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
29/23
23
22
Forward Sweep Display
Reference
Name
dB/div
Max/Min
Markers
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
A Sweep Finds Problems That Signal Level
Measurements Miss
Misalignment
Standing Waves
Roll off at band edges
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Sweeping Reverse Path Goals
 The objective in reverse path alignment is to
maintain unity gain with constant inputs and
minimize noise and ingress.
 Set all optical receivers in the headend to same
output level and ideally the same noise floor to
optimize C/N ratio.
– The reverse path noise is the summation of all noise
from all the amplifiers in the reverse path.
 Adjust sweep response to match 0dB flat line
Sweep reference and 0dBmV Telemetry level
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Before reverse sweeping begins….
 Optimize the upstream node
 Splitting, combining and padding considerations in
the headend.
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Return Optics
 We discuss this first because it has the greater impact on
the MER at the CMTS input because it has the lowest
dynamic range
 Optimized by measuring NPR at the input to the CMTS by
injecting different total power at the input to laser.
 Carriers should be derated according to bandwidth using
power per hertz.
 Not part of the unity gain portion of the HFC plant.
 Set up is laser and node specific
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
NPR Measurement
 Measured by injecting a wideband noise source with a notch filter at
the input. Then measuring essentially the noise to the notch at the
output.
 Measured as 10 log Power/hz of the signal/Power/hz of the notch noise
 The lower the signal the lower the CNR, the higher the signal, the
more distortion.
 Input starts low and then raised in 1 dB steps
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Power per Hertz Calculation
Power per Hertz
dBmV/Hz = Total Power – 10 Log (BW)
dBmV/HZ = 45 – 10 Log (37,000,000)
dBmV/ Hz = 45 – 10 (7.57)
dBmV/ Hz = 45 – 75.7
dBmV/ Hz = -29.3
Total Power Input for 6.4 MHz 64 QAM
dBmV = -29.3 + 10 Log (BW)
dBmV = -29.3 + 10 Log (6,400,000)
dBmV = -29.3 + 10 (6.8)
dBmV = -29.3 + 68
dBmV = 38.7
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
REVERSE LEVEL
20 dBmV
Optical
Receiver
Reverse
Combiner
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Pad for
0 dBmV
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
.
space
0
PRINT
20
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
NODE 20 dBmV
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+/-
x
CLEAR
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
NODE
NODE
NODE
All signal levels must be set to
same output level at the optical
receiver in the headend or
hubsite with the same input at
the node.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
REVERSE LEVEL
20 dBmV
Reverse
Combiner
20 dBmV
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Pad for
0 dBmV
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
.
space
0
PRINT
21
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
+/-
x
CLEAR
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
NODE 20 dBmV
NODE 20 dBmV
NODE
NODE
All signal levels must be set to
same output level at the optical
receiver in the headend or
hubsite with the same input at
the node.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
REVERSE LEVEL
20 dBmV
Reverse
Combiner
20 dBmV
20 dBmV
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Pad for
0 dBmV
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
.
space
0
PRINT
22
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
+/-
x
CLEAR
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
NODE 20 dBmV
NODE 20 dBmV
NODE 20 dBmV
NODE
All signal levels must be set to
same output level at the optical
receiver in the headend or
hubsite with the same input at
the node.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
REVERSE LEVEL
20 dBmV
Reverse
Combiner
20 dBmV
20 dBmV
20 dBmV
Pad for
0 dBmV
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
.
space
0
PRINT
23
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
+/-
x
CLEAR
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
Optical
Receiver
NODE 20 dBmV
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
Optical
Receiver
NODE 20 dBmV
NODE 20 dBmV
NODE 20 dBmV
All signal levels must be set to
same output level at the optical
receiver in the headend or
hubsite with the same input at
the node.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
REVERSE NOISE
Optical
Receiver
Noise -35 dBmV
Reverse
Combiner
Noise -35 dBmV
Noise -35 dBmV
Noise -35 dBmV
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
x
CLEAR
.
space
0
+/-
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
Optical
Receiver
NODE
NODE
Optical
Receiver
NODE
Optical
Receiver
NODE
Ideally all combined nodes
should have same noise floor
to maximize C/N ratio.
PRINT
24
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Headend combining and splitting
Other Return Services
CMTS
PathTrak
Set top converter
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
AUTO
SETUP
.
help
FREQ
1 abc2 def3 ghi
status
4 jkl 5 mno
6 pqr CHAN
alpha
9 yz
ENTER
7 stu8 vwx
x
light
space
0 +/- CLEARFCN
PRINT
LEVEL TILT
C/N
HUM
25
SCAN SWEEP
MOD SPECT
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Return Sweep considerations
 Instead of point to multipoint, the system is multipoint to
point
 Unity gain at the inputs to the amplifiers
 Telemetry carriers upstream and downstream
 Noise and ingress are additive from the entire node. One
bad drop can take down the entire node.
 Channel Plan to match bursty digital signals. No sweep
points on upstream carriers
 Return Sweep compensates for losses after the amp
 Set telemetry carrier level and sweep level to the same
thing.
26
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Advantages of return sweep over the older
methods
 Not as labor intensive as the older methods.
 Align forward and reverse with the same stop
at the amplifier
 No cumbersome equipment in the field or the
headend
 Minimum use of bandwidth for test equipment
 Control over the measurements
 We are aligning the entire spectrum in both
directions, not just 2 carriers!
27
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
5 things you need to know to set up your return
path correctly
 Know your equipment
– Block diagrams of amplifiers, nodes, receivers, etc.
– Test Equipment




28
Determine reverse sweep input levels
Determine reference points
Optimize return lasers portion first
Sweep coaxial portion of the plant
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Typical Node RF Block Diagram
Diplex
Filter
Fwd Signal
from
Optical
Rcvr.
STATION
FWD
FWD
EQ
PAD
Port 4
Output
TP
PORT 4
H
L
REV
Switch
Diplex
Filter
Return
Signal to
Optical
Transmitter
LOW PASS
FILTER
Port 5
Output
TP
PORT 5
H
L
REV
Switch
Port 3
Output
TP
PORT 3
Diplex
Filter
Diplex
Filter
H
H
L
L
REV
Switch
29
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REV
Switch
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Port 6
Output
TP
PORT 6
Typical RF Bridging Amplifier Block Diagram
RF/AC
Filter
PORT 1
(1)
STATION
High
PrePlug-In Plug-In
Pass
Amplifier
EQ
PAD
Filter
Diple
x
Filter
H
RF
IGC
Interstag
e
EQ
ALC PIN
DIODE
ATTEN
Main
Amplifier
L
AC
Reverse
Plug-In Plug-In Low Pass Amplifier
EQ
PAD
Filter
AC
Powe
r
REVERSE
RF TEST
ALC Circuit
STATION
RF/AC
Filter
PORT 2
(1)
(1)
RF
TRANSPONDER
RF INTERFECE
AC
AC
Powe
r
RF/AC
Filter
PORT 3
RF
AC
AC
Powe
r
30





© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Diple
x
Filter
Bridger
Amplifier


RF
Plug-In Plug-In
EQ
PAD
BRIDGE

Aux
EQ
Bridger
Amplifier
H
L
REV
PAD
BRIDGER
RF TEST Diple
x
Filter
H





AC
Powe
r
RF/AC
Filter
RF
(1)
(1)
AC
(1) Test Points are Bi-Directional
Notes: ALL test points can be -20 or -25dB
AC
Powe
r
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
PORT 5
AC
L
REV
PAD
RF/AC
Filter
PORT 6
Know your test equipment
Different test equipment
operates differently.
Size Matters!
31
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
How is a reference level determined?
H
From trunk return
L
H
L
52 dBmv max modem output
23db tap
2 dB drop loss
7 dB directional coupler
32
20dBmV at the reference point
Does your system
use this as the
H
reference point?
H
L
L
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
23
ALIGNING THE RETURN PATH
33
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Constant outputs in the return path?
H
R
R
L
Return Equip.
If the return amplifiers were balanced with
constant outputs, the levels would vary
widely by the time they got back to the
headend. This is due to return amplifiers
having several inputs.
34
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
How does reverse sweep work?
3. The DSAM receives data from the
transmitter and displays sweep
from the headend unit
1. The field unit initiates the sweep
through the return path at the
reference level.
H
R
R
L
Return Equip.
RF in
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
x
CLEAR
.
space
0
+/-
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
PRINT
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
RF out
35
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
2. The headend unit receives the sweep
from the field unit, digitizes it’s own
trace, and sends out on a forward
telemetry pilot.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Normalizing or Storing a Sweep Reference, reverse
H
R
R
L
Return Equip.
RF in
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
x
CLEAR
.
space
0
+/-
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
PRINT
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
RF out
36
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1. Inject correct input sweep level
2. Check for adjust raw sweep level
3. Store reference file
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Continuing On
H
R
R
L
Return Equip.
RF in
System Sweep Transmitter 3SR
Stealth Sweep
FILE
1
abc 2
def 3
ghi
help
FREQ
AUTO
4
jkl
5
mno 6
pqr
status
CHAN
SETUP
7
stu 8
vwx 9
yz
x
CLEAR
.
space
0
+/-
alpha
ENTER
light
FCN
PRINT
LEVEL
TILT
SCAN
SWEEP
C/N
HUM
MOD
SPECT
RF out
37
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
1. Inject correct input sweep level
2. Use the reverse sweep reference to compare and
adjust amplifier output levels
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Reverse Sweep Display
Scale Factor
Markers
Start
Frequency
Stop
Frequency
Marker
Frequencies
Max Variation
within
Frequency
Range
Marker Relative Levels
38
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Fiber Optics
Loose Fiber Connector :
A display an RF guy can understand
 SC connector not pushed in all the way
Before
40
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After
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Cross section of an Single Mode optical fiber
250
41
125
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9
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Refraction
42
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
IOR = Index of Refraction
n = c / v
n = refractive index
c = velocity of light in a vacuum
v = velocity of light in glass
43
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Reflection
44
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Light in an optical fiber – Total Internal Reflection
45
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Bending
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Common Connector Types
SC Commonly referred to as Sam
Charlie
FC Commonly referred to as Frank
Charlie
49
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ST Commonly referred to as Sam Tom
LC Commonly referred to as Lima Charlie
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Connector Configurations
PC or UPS vs APC
SC - PC
SC - APC
50
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Inspect Before You Connectsm
Focused On the Connection
Bulkhead Adapter
Ferrule
Fiber
Fiber Connector
Physical
Contact
Alignment
Sleeve
Alignment
Sleeve
Fiber connectors are widely known as the WEAKEST AND MOST
PROBLEMATIC points in the fiber network.
52
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
What Makes a GOOD Fiber Connection?
The 3 basic principles that are critical to achieving an efficient fiber
optic connection are “The 3 P’s”:

Perfect Core Alignment

Physical Contact

Pristine Connector
Interface
Light Transmitted
Core
Cladding
CLEAN
53
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
What Makes a BAD Fiber Connection?
CONTAMINATION is the #1 source of troubleshooting in optical
networks.


54
A single particle mated
into the core of a fiber
can cause significant
back reflection,
insertion loss and even
equipment damage.
Light
Back Reflection
Core
Cladding
Visual inspection of
fiber optic connectors is
the only way to
determine if they are
truly clean before mating
them.
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
DIRT
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Insertion Loss
Illustration of Particle Migration
15.1µ
10.3µ
11.8µ
Core
Cladding
Actual fiber end face images of particle migration
 Each time the connectors are mated, particles around the core are displaced, causing
them to migrate and spread across the fiber surface.
 Particles larger than 5µ usually explode and multiply upon mating.
 Large particles can create barriers (“air gap”) that prevent physical contact.
 Particles less than 5µ tend to embed into the fiber surface creating pits and chips.
55
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Types of Contamination
A fiber end-face should be free of any contamination or defects, as shown below:
Simplex
Ribbon
Common types of contamination and defects include the following:
Dirt
56
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Oil
Pits & Chips
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Scratches
Contamination and Signal Performance
1
CLEAN CONNECTION
Fiber Contamination and Its Affect on Signal Performance
Back Reflection = -67.5 dB
Total Loss = 0.250 dB
3
DIRTY CONNECTION
Clean Connection vs. Dirty Connection
This OTDR trace illustrates a significant decrease in signal
performance when dirty connectors are mated.
Back Reflection = -32.5 dB
Total Loss = 4.87 dB
57
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Test!
 Basic Tests
– Visual Fault Locator (VFL)
– Optical Insertion Loss
– Optical Power Levels
 Advanced Tests
–
–
–
–
–
58
Optical Return Loss (ORL)
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
Optical Spectral Analysis (OSA)
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Visual Fault Locator
 VFLs provide a visible red light source useful
for identifying fiber locations, detecting faults
due to bending or poor connectorization, and
to confirming continuity.
 VFL sources can be modulated in a number
of formats to help identify the correct VFL
(where a number of VFL tests may be
performed).
FFL-050
59
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
FFL-100
Advanced Tests
 Optical Return Loss (ORL)
 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
– Detect, locate, and measure events at any location on the fiber link
 Fiber Characterization
– Determines the services that the fiber can be carry
– Basic tests plus:
• Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
• Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
 Optical Spectrum Analysis (OSA)
– Spectral analysis for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
systems
60
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Introduction to OTDR
It’s the single most important tester used in the
installation, maintenance & troubleshooting of fiber plant
T-BERD 4000 FTTx / Access OTDR
Most versatile of Fiber Test Tools
 Detect, locate and measure events at
any location on the fiber link
 Identifies events & impairments
(splices, bends, connectors, breaks)
 Provides physical distance to each
event/ impairment
 Measures fiber attenuation loss of
each event or impairment
 Provides reflectance / return loss
values for each reflective event or
impairment
 Manages the data collected and
supports data reporting.
61
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Background on Fiber Phenomena
OTDR depends on two types of phenomena:
- Rayleigh scattering
- Fresnel reflections.
Rayleigh scattering and
backscattering effect in a fiber
62
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Light reflection phenomenon =
Fresnel reflection
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
How does it work ?
 The OTDR injects a short pulse of light into one end of the fiber and
analyzes the backscatter and reflected signal coming back
 The received signal is then plotted into a backscatter X/Y display in dB vs.
distance
 Event analysis is then performed in order to populate the table of results.
OTDR Block Diagram
63
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Example of an OTDR trace
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Dynamic Range & Injection Level
 Dynamic Range determines the
observable length of the fiber & depends on
the OTDR design and settings
 Injection level is the power level in
which the OTDR injects light into the fiber
under test
 Poor launch conditions, resulting in low
injection levels, are the primary reason for
reductions in dynamic range, and therefore
accuracy of the measurements
 Effect of pulse width: the bigger the pulse,
the more backscatter we receive
65
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
What does an OTDR Measure ?
 Distance
– The OTDR measurement is based on “Time”:
The round trip time travel of each pulse sent
down the fiber is measured. Knowing the
speed of light in a vacuum and the index of
refraction of the fiber glass, distance can then
be calculated.
Fiber distance = Speed of light (vacuum) X time
2 x IOR
66
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
What does an OTDR Measure ?
 Attenuation (also called fiber loss)
Expressed in dB or dB/km, this represents the loss, or rate of
loss between two events along a fiber span
67
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
What does an OTDR Measure ?
 Event Loss
Difference in optical power level before and after an event,
expressed in dB
Fusion Splice or
Macrobend
68
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Connector or
Mechanical Splice
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
What does an OTDR Measure ?
 Reflectance
Ratio of reflected power to incident power of an event, expressed as a
negative dB value
The higher the reflectance, the more light reflected back, the worse the
connection
A -50dB reflectance is better than -20dB value
Typical reflectance values
69
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 Polished Connector
~ -45dB
 Ultra-Polished Connector
~ -55dB
 Angled Polished Connector
~ -65dB
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
What does an OTDR Measure ?
 Optical Return Loss (ORL)
Measure of the amount of light that is reflected back from a feature:
forward power to the reflected power. The bigger the number in dBs
the less light is being reflected.
Attenuation (dB)
The OTDR is able to measure not only the total ORL of the link but
also section ORL
ORL of the
defined section
Distance (km)
70
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Optical Return Loss (ORL)
 Light reflected back to the source
PPC
PAPC
PAPC
PAPC
Light
Source
Photodiode
PF
PF
PF
PT
PT: Output power of the light source
ORL (dB) = 10Log (
PT
)> 0
PB
PAPC: Back-reflected power of APC connector
PPC: Back-reflected power of PC connector
PF: Backscattered power of fiber
PB: Total amount of back-reflected power
71
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Effects of High ORL Values
 All laser sources, especially distributed feedback lasers, are sensitive to
optical reflection, which causes spectral fluctuation and, subsequently,
power jitter. Return loss is a measure of the amount of reflection
accruing in an optical system. A -45dB reflection is equivalent to 45dB
return loss (ORL). A minimum of 45-50dB return loss is the industry
standard for passive components to ensure normal system operation in
singlemode fiber systems.
 Increase in transmitter noise
SC - PC
– Reducing the OSNR in analog video transmission
– Increasing the BER in digital transmission systems
 Increase in light source interference
SC - APC
– Changes central wavelength and output power
 Higher incidence of transmitter damage
 The angle reduces the back-reflection of the connection.
72
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Optical Return Loss
 Ratio between the transmitted power and the received
power at the fiber origin
 2 different test methods:
– Optical Continuous Wave Reflectometry (OCWR): A laser source
and a power meter, using the same test port, are connected to the
fiber under test.
– Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR)
OCWR method
73
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
OTDR method
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
ORL Measurement Methods
Optical Continuous Wave Reflectometer
Process Controller
Display
CW Stabilized
Light Source
Accuracy (typ.)
± 0.5dB
Typical
Application
- Total link ORL & isolated event
reflectance measurements during
fiber installation &
commissioning
Strengths
- Accuracy
- Fast & real time info
- Simple & easy results (direct
value)
Weaknesses
- No localization
Accuracy (typ.)
± 2dB
Typical
Application
- Perfect tool for troubleshootingSpatial characterization of
reflective events & estimation of
the partial & total ORL
Strengths
- Locate reflective events
- Single-end measurement
Weaknesses
- Accuracy
- Long acquisition time
Coupler
Termination Plug
Power Meter
74
Process Controller
Display
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Pulsed Light
Source
Coupler
Photodetector
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
OTDR Events
How to interpret a trace
How to interpret an OTDR Trace
76
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Front End Reflection
Connection between the OTDR and the
patchcord or launch cable
Located at the extreme left edge of the
trace
Reflectance:
Polished Connector
Ultra-Polished Connector
Angled Polished Connector
Insertion Loss:
77
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
~ -45dB
~ -55dB
up to ~ -65dB
Unable to measure
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Dead Zones
Attenuation Dead Zone (ADZ) is the
minimum distance after a reflective event that a
non-reflective event can be measured (0.5dB)
 In this case the two events are more closely
spaced than the ADZ, and shown as one event
 ADZ can be reduced using shorter pulse widths
Event Dead Zone (EDZ) is the minimum
distance where 2 consecutive unsaturated
reflective events can be distinguished
 In this case the two events are more closely
spaced than the EDZ, and shown as one event
 EDZ can be reduced using shorter pulse widths
78
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Connector
A connector mechanically mates
2 fibers together and creates a
reflective event
Reflectance:
 Polished Connector
~ -45dB
 Ultra-Polished Connector
~ -55dB
 Angled Polished Connector
Insertion Loss:
up to ~ -65dB
~ 0.5dB
(loss of ~0.2dB w/ very good connector)
79
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Fusion Splices
A Fusion Splice thermally fuses two fibers
together using a splicing machine
Reflectance:
None
Insertion Loss:
< 0.1dB
A “Gainer” is a splice gain that appears when
two fibers of different backscatter coefficients are
spliced together (the higher coefficient being
downstream)
80
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Reflectance:
None
Insertion Loss:
Small gain
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Fusion Splices
Direction A-B
81
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Direction B-A
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Macrobend
 Macrobending results from physical
bending of the fiber.
 Bending Losses are higher as
wavelength increases.
 Therefore to distinguish a bend from
a splice, two wavelengths are used
(typically 1310 & 1550nm)
82
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Reflectance:
None
Insertion Loss:
Varies w/ degree
of bend & wavelength
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Mechanical Splice
A Mechanical Splice mechanically aligns
two fibers together using a self-contained
assembly.
83
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Reflectance:
~ -35dB
Insertion Loss:
~ 0.5dB
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Fiber End or Break
A Fiber End or Break occurs when the fiber
terminates.
The end reflection depends on the fiber end
cleavage and its environment.
Reflectance:
PC open to air
~ -14dB
APC open to air
~ - 35dB
Insertion Loss: High (generally)
84
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Ghosts
A Ghost is an unexpected event resulting from
a strong reflection causing “echos” on the trace
When it appears it often occurs after the fiber
end.
It is always an exact duplicate distance from the
incident reflection.
85
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Reflectance:
Lower than echo source
Insertion Loss:
None
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Typical Attenuation Values








86
0.2 dB/km for singlemode fiber at 1550 nm
0.35 dB/km for singlemode fiber at 1310 nm
1 dB/km for multimode fiber at 1300 nm
3 dB/km for multimode fiber at 850 nm
0.05 dB for a fusion splice
0.3 dB for a mechanical splice
0.5 dB for a connector pair (FOTP-34)
Splitters/monitor points (varys with component)
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Monitoring the Reverse Path Inside Plant
87
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Major Operational Challenges

Plant Certification and Maintenance:
– Elevate plant performance to ensure reliable service
– HFC: Sweep & advanced return path certification
– Metro Optical: Fiber and transport analysis

Monitor Performance:
–
–
–
–

Continuously monitor the health of your upstream and downstream carriers
Proactively identify developing problems before customers do
Monitor both physical HFC & VoIP service call quality
Utilize advanced performance trending and analysis to prioritize
Get Installations Right the First Time
– Improve installation practices to prevent service callbacks & churn
– Verify physical, DOCSIS® and PacketCable performance
– Drive consistency across all technicians

Troubleshoot Fast:
– When issues occur, find and fix fast
– Isolate and segment from NOC, dispatch right tech at right time
– Field test tools that can find problems and verify fix
88
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Return Path Monitoring Benefits
Troubleshoot nodes faster to reduce MTTR and increase
workforce efficiency
• Identify impairments before rolling a truck using both spectrum
and packet monitoring technology
• Use field meters to quickly locate ingress, the most common
impairment
• View performance history to understand transient problems to
roll a truck at the right time to find and fix the issue
Reduce trouble tickets and customer churn by identifying
problems before your subscribers
• Rank nodes using convenient web-based reports for proactive
maintenance
• Easily and quickly detect impairments such as fast impulse noise,
ingress, CPD, and laser clipping on all nodes 24/7
• View live spectrum, QAMTrak™ analyzers and a wide array of
reports conveniently via the web
89
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
DOCSIS® 3.0 adds Capability to Bond up to
4 Upstream 64QAM Carriers!
Four times 6.4 MHz = 25.6 MHz! (without guard-bands)
 Increased chances for laser clipping
 Increased probability of problems caused by ingress,
group delay, micro-reflections and other linear distortions
 Inability to avoid problem frequencies such as Citizens’
Band, Ham, Shortwave and CPD distortion beats
 Where are you going to place your sweep points?
90
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Live Spectrum Display
91
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JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Choose a carrier for QAMTrak
92
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Getting To Know The QAMTrak Analyzer
QAMTrak Sections
•Impairment Dashboard
•Impairment Charts
•FFT Spectrum Display
•Constellation
•Strip Chart
•Data Tables
•Control/Information Bar
93
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
QAMTrak Analyzer: Primary Sections
•Impairment Dashboard



94
Display in simple red light / green light format which impairments have violated
admin-defined thresholds and what % of packets affected by each (rollup status)
Shows min/max/average for health metrics and impairments
Provides single-click launch points to detailed charts for each impairment type
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Impairment Dashboard – Two Main Sections

Top three boxes indicate HFC health
– Is data corruption occurring within packets being demodulated?
– How tight are the constellation points before CMTS
compensation
– How well is the CMTS likely able to compensate for impairments
present

Bottom six boxes indicate how frequently each
impairment type is occurring
– How often does a packet come across which violates threshold?
– What is min/max/average for each impairment type?
– Which impairment(s) are my biggest problem right now?

95
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Clicking any button will launch a maximized impairment chart
window within the QAMTrak Analyzer
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Impairment Dashboard – General Interpretation
Impairment/Health Metric Label
Rollup Counter
Session Status
(Background Color)
Indicates whether impairment threshold
has been violated during session
Percent of packets since start of QAMTrak
session which have violated admin
defined threshold for that impairment or
metric
Latest Value
Value for last packet demodulated
or current packet highlighted for
historical packet analysis
Latest Status (
or
)
Pass/Fail status for last packet
demodulated or current packet
highlighted for historical packet analysis
Min/Max/Average
Minimum, Maximum, Average values for
all packets captured during current
QAMTrak session or since last reset
Caveats:
Only the latest 600 packets are displayed on strip
chart and in tables
Min/Max/Average and Rollup Counter can reflect
packets which are not visible in strip chart of tables for
sessions with >600 packets captured!
96
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Primary Impairments
•Impairment Dashboard
•Impairment Charts



97
Provides detailed display for five primary impairment types plus codeword error
strip chart – supplement Impairment Dashboard
Charts update for each packet in live mode or historical packet review mode
Y-Axes can be manually rescaled or auto-scaled, charts can be resized, many
other options available through Flash interface
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Primary Measurements
•Impairment Dashboard
•Impairment Charts
•FFT Spectrum Display
 Provides Spectrum Analyzer display without opening a separate window
 FFT-based spectrum analyzer – will look different than standard PathTrak
SA
 Display will show what spectrum looked like at time of packet capture
when reviewing captured packets in paused mode
98
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Upstream Constellation
•Impairment Dashboard
•Impairment Charts
•FFT Spectrum Display
•Constellation
 Can display Equalized, UnEqualized symbol locations, or both
 Can show latest packets, all historical packets, or both
 Displays constellation packet by packet when reviewing historical
packets
99
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
QAMTrak Analyzer: Primary Sections
•Impairment Dashboard
•Impairment Charts
•FFT Spectrum Display
•Constellation
•Strip Chart
 Separate chart traces for Equalized MER, Unequalized MER, and
Carrier Level (on second Y-Axis)
 Detailed packet info available using hover function
 Can use arrow keys to review historical packets one at a time
100
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
QAMTrak Analyzer: Primary Sections
•Impairment Dashboard
•Impairment Charts
•FFT Spectrum Display
•Constellation
•Strip Chart
•Data Tables
 Users can toggle between strip chart, all-packet data table, and unique
MAC data table
 Tables are sortable by all rows, can be exported to .csv file
 Data can be copied from tables to clipboard for pasting into other apps
101
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
PathTrak WebView
Code Word Errors
CPE MAC Address
102
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
PathTrak WebView QAMTrak
CPE MAC Address
Codeword Error Detection
Equalized and UnEqualized MER
Micro-reflections
In Band Response – Ripple
Group Delay
Ingress Under the Carrier
Impulse Noise Detection
103
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
DOCSIS Downstream Codewords
 122 of each RS codeword’s 128 symbols are data
symbols, and the remaining six are parity symbols
used for error correction.
–ITU-T J.83, Annex B states that the data is “…encoded
using a (128,122) code over GF(128)…” which shows
each RS codeword consists of 128 RS symbols (first
number in first parentheses) and the number of data
symbols per RS codeword is 122 (second number in first
parentheses), leaving six symbols per RS codeword for
error correction.
104
 DOCSIS downstream RS FEC is configured for
what is known as “t = 3,” which means that the
FEC can fix up to any three errored RS symbols in
a RS codeword.
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Downstream Monitoring
The Cable Video Network
Video Passes Through Four Separate Operational Layers Before
it Reaches the Home.
Master/Super
Headend
Origination
and
processing
IP Transport
Transport
through the
IP network
MPEG
Headend
MPEG edgeprocessing
Hub/HFC
RF
combining
Inside Plant
Home
Distribution over HFC
Outside Plant
Off-air Ingest
VOD
DPI
IP L2/L3
Core
Network
MPEG Mux.
Encryption
Modulation
CMTS
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
r
STB
Modem
Phone
PC
But The MPEG Edge is the most critical layer
and poses the most significant risk to video quality.
106
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
The RF edge is home to the most complex
equipment in the network



Current monitoring solutions focus on the national backbone and on validating
the content when programming first enters the network.
Often QoS issues (like tiling) are introduced by the complicated equipment at
the network edge
If you aren’t monitoring at the RF edge, only the subscriber will have visibility to
the impairments
–

You’ve caused these problems, but you don’t see them
Troubleshooting is initiated by a customer complaint and without this “edge”
visibility you may spend multiple truck rolls and weeks isolating the source.
MPEG edgeprocessing
RF
combining
Off-air Ingest
DPI
MPEG Mux.
Encryption
Modulation
CMTS
107
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
r
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Often QoS issues are introduced by the complicated
equipment at the network edge
Program Insertion:
• Quality of ad being spiced
• PCR Discontinuity
• Decoding/Timing of DPI information
Local Off-Air Ingest:
• Provider issues
• Antennas
• 8VSB Receivers
• Muxes to groom for
regional networks
MPEG edgeprocessing
Multiplexing:
• Streams from regional
networks
• Grooming
• Transrating
• Over-compression
• Equipment
configuration
RF
combining
Off-air Ingest
DPI
MPEG Mux.
Encryption
Modulation
CMTS
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
r
And currently this is the last place
you’re monitoring the video?
108
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Encryption:
• Encryption not-enabled
• Equipment configuration
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Modulation:
• MPEG to RF
• Equipment configuration
• Oversubscription
RF Combining:
• Poor cabling
• Poor Isolation
• Loose connectors
• Driver/Isolation
amp issues
You may already have monitoring…
Inside Plant
Off-air Ingest
VOD
DPI
IP L2/L3
Core
Network
MPEG Mux.
Encryption
Modulation
CMTS
Outside Plant
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
r
… but your customers are still seeing issues


109
Content monitoring has traditionally
been expensive.
 Typically deployed only where
content enters the network.
 Content Monitoring is typically not
deployed at the very edge of the
network
That leaves the most vulnerable spot in the
network, in the dark
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
STB
Modem
Phone
PC
Detailed MPEG analysis detects the important issues

Video/Audio QoS issues caused by equipment in the headend or local
network are transport related and can be identified without performing content
analysis
–
–


Video freeze result of lost programs or video PIDs
Audio loss as a result of missing audio PIDs
Other frozen/black/no-audio that are the result of content (and not the
programs) in almost all cases isn’t anything local system personnel can do
anything about.
Content analysis also limited to unencrypted programming – preventing use at
edge of the network.
Content analysis is impractical and costly at the
edge of the network.
Investment is significantly more effective if focused on
transport tools that provide complete visibility and
troubleshooting directly at the edge modulator.
110
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Get complete visibility – “Wrap the Edge”
 Video Monitoring is a video monitoring solution optimized for the
network edge
– MVP-200 probe (full line-rate MPEG over GigE)
– RSAM probe (Digital video RF, Analog video RF, DOCSIS)
– PVM – Simple, lightweight, centralized system to tie it all together.
Origination
and
processing
Transport
through the
IP network
MPEG edgeprocessing
RF
combining
Inside Plant
DPI
MPEG Mux.
IP L2/L3
Core
Network
Encryption
Modulation
CMTS
111
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
Outside Plant
Off-air Ingest
VOD
MVP-200
Distribution over HFC
MVP-200
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
r
RSAM
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
STB
Modem
Phone
PC
Example – Tiling
 The RF probe consistently reported Continuity error alarms on a QAM.
 This clip shows what your Customer experienced
– the impact of these CC errors
112
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Another Example - Video Freeze
Click on video to play
How do you
explain this to
your customer??
Below are the alarms generated for the above event from the MVP:
HLN_13 (27) MVP Trap QAM 28 OUTPUT
Trap Console received trap traps/event.
Time: January 6, 2011 6:03:10 AM EST
STB: 27 PID ID: -1 PID: -1 PID Type:
HLN_13 (27) MVP Trap QAM 28 OUTPUT
Trap Console received trap traps/event.
Time: January 6, 2011 6:03:17 AM EST
Event ID: programLost Event Severity: minor
STB: 27 PID ID: -1 PID: -1 PID Type:
From MVP: 10.15.21.24 Card: 2
Event ID: programLost Event Severity: major
HLN_13 (27) MVP Trap QAM 28 OUTPUT
Trap Console received trap traps/event.
Time: January 6, 2011 6:03:21 AM EST
STB: 27 PID ID: -1 PID: -1 PID Type:
Source IP: XX.240.203.206:60000 Dest. IP: XXX.48.81.115:28115
From MVP: 10.15.21.24 Card: 2
Event ID: programLost Event Severity: clear
Source IP: XX.240.203.206:60000 Dest. IP: XXX.48.81.115:28115
From MVP: 10.15.21.24 Card: 2
113
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Source IP: XX.240.203.206:60000 Dest. IP: XXX.48.81.115:28115
Knowing is only half the battle…
 Monitoring tells you when you
have a problem.
– To isolate the problem source, the
ops staff needs troubleshooting
tools as well.
JDSU’s monitoring probes are
unique in providing integrated realtime analyzers for troubleshooting.
Troubleshoot anytime, anywhere.
114
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
 Remote access via PVM gives
service level visibility at the
edge of your network, from
anywhere.
– Critical in digital video, where
problems are intermittent and
spurious.
– Critical at the edge, where staff
may be hours from the equipment.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Video Monitoring Application
Identify and segment problems using intuitive displays
–
–
–
–
RF or MPEG?
Outside plan, headend or source issue
Widespread or localized?
Intermittent or persistent problem?
Find root-cause with advanced troubleshooting
– Click an event or status bar to get a live display
– Capture transport streams to share with your network equipment
suppliers
– View table decodes to understand impairments
Access Historical PM Reports
– NetComplete
– Per Program, Per Node
– Worst Offenders
– Key Performance Indicators
115
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Network Management System Integration
 SNMP and XML API:
– Designed to be flexible and easily integrated
 Per Program and Per Stream, real-time data
– Real-time per program status to one system view
116
© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Why Video Monitoring?
 Solve real problems today
– Optimized for an operations staff
• Real-time alarming direct to local staff
• Complete RF component for analog, digital and DOCSIS
– Cost-Efficient
• Fraction of the cost of conventional content monitoring
– Proximity to the Edge
• Monitor right at hand-off to access
network, visibility for entire digital
network
– Isolate problem sources
• Integrated remote analyzers at IP
and RF
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© 2011 JDSU. All rights reserved.
JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Thank You