Transcript Spirent GEM & XGEM Customer Presentation

Spirent GEM v3.2 & XGEM v3.0
10/100/1G/10G Ethernet
Network & Impairment Emulators
September 2008
Proprietary and Confidential.
Subject to change.
Supersedes all previous communications
The information on the roadmap is not a
commitment, promise or legal obligation to
deliver any material, code or functionality .
Introduction to Impairment
 Mission-critical applications and equipment are delivered across the
production network – from distributed applications to storage solutions to
VoIP.
 When these applications are deployed, upgraded, or relocated, loss of
performance or downtime can be costly.
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 2
Today’s Testing Approach
FAILS
The sterile lab environment does not represent a “real world”
network environment
 How can you have confidence after testing in a sterile lab without
“real world” delay and impairment conditions?
 How can you predict expected performance levels?
 How can you discover problems related to real world conditions
before they create costly failures?
Can you afford to take a ‘wait-and-see’ approach to testing?
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 3
“Real-World Networks”
All networks have varying Impairments and Delay
Impairment
Cause
Frame/Packet Loss
Noise, Dirty fiber/connector, Congestion (overflow), Protection Switches,
Failed Hardware, Human Error, Hard/Software Bugs
Corruption/Errors
Noise, Dirt, Congestion, Hard/Software Bugs
Reorder
Protection Switches, Changing routing and switch tables, Jitter
Duplication
Protection Switches, Hard/Software Bugs
Failures (LOS,LOF)
Human Error, Excessive Noise (corruption), Hardware Failure
Delay
Cause
Static Delay
Propagation (distance), Congestion, Queuing, Processing
Delay Variation
Packet Jitter - Congestion, Queuing Algorithms, Processing
Doppler – Dynamic delay due to moving TX and RX devices
Differential – SONET/SDH diversely routed VCAT Networks
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 4
Impairment Sensitive Apps
Real Time Applications
 IPTV, VoIP, Interactive Gaming
Storage
 Disaster Recovery, Business Continuity, ILM Planning, Storage Extension, Data Center/ Server Migration
Networked Applications (Throughput / Performance / Error Recovery)
 Database, Transaction Processing, Distributed Software Applications
Satellite Communications
Converged Networks
 Next Generation SONET/SDH (VCAT, LCAS, GFP)
 TDM over Packet, Timing over Packet (Circuit Emulation, Pseudo Wire)
 MPLS, Metro Ethernet
Service Level Agreement (SLA) Characterization
Acceleration (WAN, TCP, Application)
PON (GPON, (G)EPON, BPON)
iWARP (10Gig Ethernet)
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 5
Where is Impairment Testing Relevant?
 Development
 Negative Testing
 Design or System Verification Testing
 Validate prior to deployment
 Proof of Concept
 Evaluate and Demonstrate Emerging Technologies
 Interoperability Testing
 Characterize performance prior to deployment
 Troubleshooting or Accurate Problem Replication
 Solution or Product Definition
 Define capabilities or min. Service Level Agreements (SLAs)
 Cost Benefit Analysis
 Determine if over or under engineering a solution
 Sales / Trade Show Demonstrations
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 6
Spirent’s Impairment Mission
Enable our customers to test Applications, Devices, Protocols,
Solutions or Services
 Under ‘Real World’ Dynamic delay and impairment conditions in the comfort of a lab
 With True Line Rate Performance
 With fine Precision and high accuracy for maximum repeatability
 With an “in-line” testing approach which greatly extends the testing capabilities of
end point testers alone
 With multi-protocol support (Ethernet, SONET/SDH, FC, OTN, CPRI) from the
same system
We put “The World In A Box”
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 7
Spirent Emulators Enable
 Evaluating the performance of Emerging
Technologies
 Characterizing breaking points of a new
service
 Validating new Products or Solutions before
deployment!
 Discovering and Defining minimum
required Service Level Agreements (SLAs)
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 8
The Value
Accurately and precisely emulate real-world network conditions
during testing
 Increase the quality of the user experience
 Faster time-to-market
 Reduce support costs
 Minimize troubleshooting and downtime on the production network
 Avoid live troubleshooting and downtime
 Increase revenue and competitive advantage
Deliver what was promised!
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 9
Product Overview
Spirent GEM & XGEM 3.0
Proprietary and Confidential.
Subject to change.
Supersedes all previous communications
The information on the roadmap is not a
commitment, promise or legal obligation to
deliver any material, code or functionality .
Platforms
Maui
Hawaii
 Supports speeds up to 2.66Gbps
 Supports speeds up to 11.3Gbps
 Up to 4 interface blades
 Up to 2 interface blades
 Hot swappable copper/optical SFP
modules (optional wavelengths available)
 Hot swappable copper/optical SFP and
XFP modules
 Support for Ethernet, SONET, SDH,
OTN, Fiber Channel, CPRI
 Optional wavelengths available
 Fast Ethernet Interface for Remote
Control
 Supports Ethernet, SONET, SDH, OTN,
Fiber Channel
 Fast Ethernet Interface for Remote
Control
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 11
Maui Platform
Control via
Fast Ethernet
Front Panel Control
Blade 2 (East to West)
Blade 1 (West to East)
SFP Interfaces Support
SONET/SDH, Ethernet, FC, OTN, CPRI
Supported Products: Ethernet 10/100/1G
Signal Delay OC-3/12/48
Path Delay OC-3/12/48
Fiber Channel 2G Signal Delay
CPRI Bit Rate Option 1/2/3
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 12
Hawaii Platform
Control via
Fast Ethernet
Blade 3
(East to West)
Front Panel Control
Blade 1
(West to East)
XFP Interfaces 10Gbps
SONET/SDH, Ethernet, OTN, CPRI and FC
SFP Interfaces
SONET/SDH, Ethernet, OTN,
CRPI and FC
Supported Products: Ethernet 10/100/1G/10G
Signal Delay OC-3/12/48/192
Path Delay OC-3/12/48/192
Fiber Channel 2/4/8/10G Signal Delay
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 13
Easy User Control Methods
HTML based GUI:
TCL Support:
Front Panel (limited for Advanced Ethernet):
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 14
Advanced Ethernet Network Emulation
 Simulates 10/100/1000 Ethernet Layer 1 - 7 Line Delay and Impairments
 Up to 16 Profiles per interface – each has distinct bandwidth, delay and impairments
 Up to 16 Virtual Ports per interface for L3 Routing
 Impairments Processed at Full Line Rate
 Jumbo frame support - unlimited size frames
(reorder and duplication up to 12K for GEM and 15K for XGEM)
 True dynamic control of impairments via Remote GUI
or Tcl based script
 Layer 3 & 4 “aware” (IP or TCP/UDP/RSVP Checksum)
 Supports all protocols above layer 2
 Real time Statistics, Alarms and Reporting
 TCL API or Intuitive Drag & Drop GUI (No Client Software)
GEM & XGEM
 Report generation to PDF
 Multi-protocol support on the same platform (Fiber Channel, SONET/SDH and Ethernet)
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 15
Ethernet Applications
Validate
Stress
Evaluate
 Video and Voice over IP
 Next Generation Routers, Switches and Network Adapters
 Networked Application Performance Testing
 Verify response time versus delay, bandwidth, packet loss, etc.
 Only solution capable of testing high bandwidth applications
 >50Mbps - Sustained Full Line Rate
 “Realistic” network environment
 Latency testing
 Remote Data Storage Technologies SAN / NAS / iSCSI
Emulate the “real world” effects of Layer 1/2 delay and
impairments on Layer 3 devices and applications
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 16
GEM - Overview
 16 Network Profiles per Interface (64 total on Maui)

Each with its own distinct delay, bandwidth & impairment profile

Defined by any combination of VLAN tag, MPLS label, MAC or IP address, TCP/UDP port or any
other protocol field or data up to 2000 bytes deep within the Ethernet frame
 Standard Network Models with TIA-921/G.1050 option
 Profiler Playback (Play back delay/drop recorded files)
 NEW! Network Playback (Custom Impairment Table)
 NEW! Capture / Replay of data
 NEW! Accumulate & Burst
GEM Flow Definitions Screen Shot
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 17
XGEM - Overview
 4 Network Profiles per Interface (8 per 2-Blade HAWAII)

Each with its own distinct delay, bandwidth & impairment profile

Defined by any combination of VLAN tag, MPLS label, MAC or IP address, TCP port or any other
protocol field or data up to 2000 bytes deep within the Ethernet frame
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 18
XGEM Recent Enhancements
 Duplication and Reorder for Jumbo Packets
 Tcl API
 Save and Restore
 IPv6 support
 Profile Shaping
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 19
GEM - Impairments













Line Bit Errors
LOS / LOF Sync
Static Delay
Jitter Delay (FDV)
Frame/Packet Drop (Decimate)
Re-order
Policing
Bandwidth Control (Throttle)
Duplication
Higher Layer Bit Errors
Modification
CRC Corruption
Accumulate & Burst
Targeted or Random
Precise Distribution
Single or Bursty
Maximum Accuracy
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 20
Advanced Ethernet Impairments
 Impairment Types:

Drop – frames are dropped based upon a user specified probability

IPTV - Selectively drop MPEG - 4 I, P or B packets

CRC Corruption – the Ethernet CRC of frames is corrupted based on user-specified probability

Jitter – Ethernet frames are variably delayed around the line or network flow delay based upon a user
defined probability and the following:

Max Delay – maximum value of delay

Min Delay – minimum value of delay

Max Positive D - the maximum positive change of delay

Max Negative D - the maximum negative change of delay

Reorder – up to 256 Ethernet frames can be reordered

Duplication – up to 15 Ethernet duplicate frames can be created

Data Corruption – any burst of bytes (up to 2000) within the Ethernet frame may be corrupted based upon
a user specified offset from the start of the Ethernet frame and a user-defined error rate (1E-12 to 1E-2).

Modification – any burst of bytes (< 2000) may be modified on user-specified offset.

New! Accumulate and Burst – specify a number of packets to ‘accumulate’ in a buffer before being
‘burst’ out of the emulator creating ‘bursty’ traffic
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 21
Advanced Ethernet Impairments
 Support for Targeted or Random Impairments

Targeted Impairments defined by any combination of
 VLAN tag
 MPLS label
 MAC or IP Source/Destination addresses
 TCP or UDP Source/Destination port numbers
 IP ToS
 DiffServ
 any other field in the Ethernet, IP, TCP, UDP or RTP header
 any other information up to 2,000 bytes deep within the Ethernet frame
 Random Impairments are based upon any of the following distributions:




Periodic
Poisson
Gaussian
Uniform

NEW! Custom Distributions - created with GEM Network Playback
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 22
Spirent GEM / XGEM Key Features
Architecture
• Hardware based – high precision, accuracy and full Layer 1 impairment emulation
• Flexible FPGA design – protects investment
• Easy to upgrade with new features – extensive roadmap
Performance
• High precision instrument with fine resolution control over delay function
• Full 1GbE/10GbE line-rate support all the time (even at 64 byte frame size)
• Chain multiple impairments at same time (corruption, jitter, duplication, reorder, drop,
modification, errors)
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 23
GEM – Network Profiles
100s or 1000s
of incoming Flows
(up to true line rate)
Emulate Multiple Network Profiles
Classifier (Network Profile Definitions)
All non classified traffic
192.168.40.3
192.168.40.2
x.x.x.x
Defined Per Network Profile:
• Delay
• Policing (Bandwidth Control)
• Impairments
• Modification
Network Profile #
Delay
Buffer
0
Delay
Buffer
1
Delay
Buffer
Delay
Buffer
2
13
Delay
Buffer
14
Delay
Buffer
15
Scheduler
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 24
GEM Bandwidth Profile
 Based on Metro Ethernet Forum Bandwidth Profiles
 GEM allows for the configuration of the:
New token
Added at a rate of CIR/8
times/second
 Committed Information Rate (CIR)
 Committed Burst Size (CBS)
Network Profile 1
Network Profile 2
> CBS
…
 Excess Information Rate (EIR)
 Excess Burst Size (EBS)
New token
Added at a rate of EIR/8
times/second
Network Profile 16
< or = CBS
 Supports Service Frame Colors
> EBS
< or = EBS
Network Profile 1
 Yellow – conforms to Excess Rate
Network Profile 2
…
 Green – conforms to Committed Rate
Network Profile 16
 Red – does NOT conform to Committed or Excess Rate
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 25
TIA-921 / ITU-T G.1050 Module
 Provides 1064 statistically based network models
 Models developed using actual production network conditions provided anonymously
from leading service providers around the world.
 Evaluate multimedia applications under real-world conditions prior to deployment
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 26
Standard Based Network Models
TIA-921 and ITU-T G.1050
 Statistically based Time Varying IP Network Impairments
 For evaluation of Multimedia Transmission
 Impairments include:
 Delay, Jitter, Packet Loss, Out-of-Order packets, Route Flapping
 DUTs include:
 IP Phones, POTS over IP, Media Gateways, MGC
 User Agents, Call Agents, Media Servers
 Video, Gatekeeper App, Servers,
 Edge Routers, Modems, Fax
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 27
Standard Based Network Models
TIA-921 and ITU-T G.1050
Local
Access A
LAN A
64kbps
IP Core
Network
64kbps
LAN B
128kbps
128kbps
DUT A
Local
Access B
256kbps
Route flapping
256kbps
1000BaseX
384kbps
One-way delay
384kbps
1000BaseX
100BaseT Switch
512kbps
Jitter
512kbps
100BaseT Switch
100BaseT Hub
768kbps
Packet loss
768kbps
100BaseT Hub
10BaseT
T1/E1
Packet Reorder
T1/E1
10BaseT
WLAN (~4Mbps)
T3/E3
T3/E3
WLAN (~4Mbps)
-----------------
ADSL
ADSL
-----------------
Occupancy level
Cable
Cable
Occupancy level
Packet loss
Fiber
Fiber
Packet loss
----------------
----------------
Occupancy
Occupancy
level
level
QoS Edge
QoS Edge
Router
Router
DUT B
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 28
TIA-921 and ITU-T G.1050
Conditions based on SLAs
 Each Impairment Condition has a Likelihood of Occurrence (LOO)
 Based on real IP Network Statistics
 Based on Network Architecture
 Based on Classes of Service
 Definitive set of test conditions
 1064 Impairment Combinations
 Tests may be automatically ran
 Typically 2 min per Impairment Condition
 Approximately 1.5 days to run complete set of tests
 Impairment Condition may be correlated with appropriate quality measurement
 Voice Quality Metric (MOS, PESQ, PSQM, R-Factor)
 Video Quality Metric
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 29
TIA-921 / ITU-T G.1050 Enhancements
Enhancements include:
 Ability to loop through a set of test cases ‘n’ times or forever
 New model parameters: Packet Size and Interval
 Optionally enforce bandwidth limits (not required in model) – previously bandwidth not
controlled
 Added support for G.1050 Intercontinental delays – user can select regional (TIA921/G.1050) or intercontinental (G.1050) delay model
 Now provide user control over the model random number seed – gives user the ability to
perform the exact same test again by specifying the same seed value
 Additional test parameters shown in GUI
 Ability to individually disable portions of model (LAN A, Access A, Core, Access B, LAN
B)
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 30
Video Impairments – IPTV Option
 The optional IPTV feature on GEM can be used to characterize video performance
under specific impairments
 Correlate mean quality scores with specific impairment conditions
 Target drop MPEG 2 (H.262) and MPEG 4 (H.264) I, P or B frames
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 31
Video Impairments – IPTV Option
Controls
 Select a MPEG 2/4 “I”, “P”, “B” packet for possible drop
 Choose the number of times to trigger a selection
 1-15, infinite
 Choose drop probability for selected packets
 Rate plus Distribution (Poisson, Periodic,
Gaussian, Uniform)
 Choose Selection Offset
 Allows user to trigger off an “I” frame but select an
Ethernet packet ‘x’ packets away
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 32
Dynamic Search Filter (DSF)
 Searches for a user defined pattern throughout an entire TCP/UDP payload and triggers an
impairment event
 Up to 8 strings each up to 8 bytes in length defined per Network Profile
 String searches are logically OR’d together
 Byte level wildcards available, “*”
 When a match is found, the packet is subjected to a specified impairment
 Trigger event can be limited to specified number of times (e.g., 1, 2, 3 … or infinite)
Ethernet
Header
IP
Header
TCP/
UDP
Header
TCP/UDP
Payload
Checksum
String Search
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 33
Applications for Dynamic Search Filter
Video
 The optional DSF feature on GEM can be used to characterize video performance under specific
impairments
 Target a specific MPEG I, B or P frame for impairment
TCP Acceleration
 The optional DSF feature on GEM can be used to characterize new TCP implementations for
acceleration performance
 Target a specific TCP packet with specific FTP data string and drop the packet
 Specify the trigger to occur only once to prevent TCP session from closing
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 34
Spirent Profiler Playback
Test your applications and services under the same
conditions existing on your production network!
 Record live network conditions to be imported into a GEM emulator
 Recreate those same delay and impairment conditions in the lab
 Reduce risk by confidently testing under the most relevant scenarios!
 Validate performance and prevent failure before an expensive roll-out
Production
WAN
Server
Client
Delay, Jitter
Packet Loss
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 35
Spirent Profiler Playback – How It Works
 Setup Stand-alone Profiler application on network client
 Capture delay and packet loss between the Profiler application and multiple user defined target
machines using ICMPs
 Take the Profiler logs back to lab to be loaded into GEM emulator for Playback
 Test your applications or services under current network conditions and prevent embarrassing
failure!
Remote Site
www.abc.com
Profiler Targets
Server A
www.abc.com
Server B
Main Office
New Remote Site
WAN
Server A
Profiler Targets
Server A
www.abc.com
Server C
Profiler Targets
Server B
Server C
www.abc.com
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 36
Spirent Profiler Playback- Details
 Record network delay and loss characteristics for over 30 days between Profiler application and
50+ user defined Targets
 Define Targets by IP address or URL
 Configure ICMP packet length (64-1518)
 Configure DSCP field (0-255)
 Set ICMP interval down to 100ms
 Stand-alone Profiler application supported on Windows or Linux platform
 Start sessions manually or automatically by scheduling date/time and duration
 View delay and impairment graphs real time or for post analysis
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 37
Spirent Profiler Playback
 Upload Profiler logs to GEM and playback the captured impairments – one log per GEM
Network Profile
 Options
 Playback delay values as measured by the Spirent Profiler or increase delay values
during playback by a user defined factor for performance testing
 Repeat log files for longer playback sessions
 Ignore packet drop (packet drop values in log are ignored)
 Assign to Network Profile in opposite direction for bi-directional support
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 38
GEM Router Mode
 Allows users to connect devices to Spirent GEM of the same or different subnets
 Each Physical Interface is assigned a unique MAC
 Each Physical Interface can have up to 16 Virtual Interfaces – 16 different IP Subnets
 Supports IPv4
 2 Physical Interfaces
Client1
 With standard GEM:
Server1
 Devices connected to Spirent Emulator must be on
same subnet
Emulated Network
Client2
 Managed Switch/Router required when connecting
multiple devices on different subnets
Client3
 Spirent GEM interfaces do not have MAC or IP address’ to configure
Server2
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 39
GEM Router Mode – Use Case 1
Emulated Network
2 physical interfaces
Client 1
192.168.40.101
255.255.255.0
Gateway = 192.168.40.1
Server 1
77.0.0.1
255.255.255.0
192.168.40.1
255.255.255.0
77.0.0.2
255.255.255.0
Gateway = 77.0.0.1
Bi-directional
10/100/1000M
Ethernet
Connect two devices on multiple subnets without external router/switch
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 40
GEM Router Mode – Use Case 2
OC-3 / STM-1
155Mbps
2Mbps DSL
Remote Office
London
600
users
1000
users
Remote Office
New York
WAN
150
users
T1
OC-48 / STM-16
622Mbps
Remote Office
Data Center
Austin Texas
Connecticut
Production Network
3 Remote Offices and a Data Center
Link speeds from 1.544Mbps to 622Mbps
Various applications running including VoIP, Oracle, Web, Video Conferencing
7/7/2015
41
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 41
GEM Router Mode – Use Case 2
(cont’d)
Bi-directional
10/100/1000M Ethernet
Emulated Network
2 physical interfaces
London
192.168.40.101
Unmanaged Switch
Server 1
Gateway = 192.168.40.1
77.0.0.2
Unmanaged Switch
Austin
192.168.50.101
Gateway = 192.168.50.1
New York
Gateway = 77.0.0.1
3 Virtual Ports
1 Physical Port
1 Virtual Port
192.168.40.1
192.168.50.1
192.168.60.1
77.0.0.1
GEM’s Gateway
77.0.0.4
Server 2
77.0.0.3
192.168.60.101
Gateway = 77.0.0.1
Gateway = 192.168.60.1

Dynamically configure test bed without moving equipment!

Use unmanaged switch to connect more than 2 devices to 2-port Spirent GEM

Total throughput up to 1000Mbps regardless of packet size

Traffic (client to client or client to server) will be routed through Spirent prior to arrival at destination

GEM’s Gateway allows connection to remote subnets (e.g., internet)
Router
77.0.0.4
Gateway = 77.0.0.4
Internet
or
remote
subnets
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 42
GEM Router Mode – Use Case 2
Emulated Network
2 physical interfaces
Client 1
192.168.40.101
(cont’d)
Unmanaged Switch
Unmanaged Switch
Server 1
77.0.0.2
Client 2
3 Virtual Ports
1 Physical Port
192.168.50.101
Client 3
192.168.40.1
192.168.50.1
192.168.60.1
Bi-directional
10/100/1000M Ethernet
192.168.60.101

Server 2
77.0.0.3
Utilizing ‘Network Profiles’ users can:

Have different bandwidth/delay/impairment conditions for a link

For example
Router
77.0.0.4
Gateway = 77.0.0.4
 Client 1  Server 1 can have 90ms of delay over 156kbps bandwidth
 Client 1  Client 2 can have 15ms of delay over 52Mbps bandwidth
Internet
or
remote
subnets
 Client 1  Server 2 can have 280ms over 64kbps bandwidth

Logically reconfigure ‘Emulated Network’ dynamically – no need to move physical nodes

HTML GUI or Tcl Script
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 43
GEM Router Mode – Notes
 Static Layer 3 IPv4 routing
 IPv6 routing is not supported
 Does not participate in dynamic routing protocols – RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, etc.
 Only routes between IP subnets directly connected to Spirent GEM (no routers
between subnet and GEM)
 GEM Default Gateway forwards all ‘other’ packets to one selected port
 Does not support Multicast
 Not supported on 4 blade Maui system
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 44
GEM Reporter
 Produce professional reports based on statistics from GEM Emulator
 Bandwidth, Delay, Packet Loss Stats for all Network Profiles
 Present to management in PDF Format for post analysis
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 45
Drag & Drop Configurator
 Easily define the network topology, devices and traffic flows directly from the GUI.
7/7/2015
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 46
What’s NEW with GEM?
 Capture/ Replay (Option)
 Capture live network traffic or streams and play them back on your emulator
 Network Playback (Option)
 Custom Network Impairment Table
 Accumulate & Burst
 Allows users to specify a number of packets to ‘accumulate’ in a buffer before being ‘burst’ out
of the emulator - creating ‘bursty’ traffic from a smooth input stream.
 TIA-921 Enhancements
 Loop tests, support for new model parameters such as Packet Size and Interval, support for
Intercontinental Delay, control over the random number seed …
 Router Mode Enhancements
 support on the Hawaii 10G blades, statistics per virtual port, greater VLAN support, the ability
to clear the ARP cache, and more.
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 47
What’s NEW with GEM?
(cont’d)
 Advanced Protocol Filter Suite
 Custom Filter Library
 MEF-18 Test Suite (Option)
 IPTV over IPv6 support
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 48
New!! Capture Replay
Capture live traffic for analysis and replay the same traffic with varying
throughput and impairment conditions for performance testing!
 Available as an option to GEM loads on Hawaii Blades
 Capture up to 1G Byte/sec at full line rate using filters or triggers.
 Replay this or other pre-captured traffic on the GEM and apply impairments.
 Capture and/or Replay can occur before or after impairments are applied.
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 49
New!! Capture Replay
(cont’d)
 Troubleshoot network or application performance issues using trigger conditions
 Analyze network / application layer protocol behavior in both directions to debug
application/network issues
Example: Look at how TCP data is getting ACKed back from the server, or look at how
much time certain application transaction is taking by looking at data in both directions
 Isolate top talkers / applications using network bandwidth
Capture all or part of incoming traffic
thru traffic with
background
System
Under Test
System
Under Test
PCAP file
Capture – Download
Replay - Upload
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 50
New!! Capture Replay
(cont’d)
 Capture data inline at up to true Line Rate in both directions
 Use extensive filtering (Layer 2 - Layer 7) capability for focused capture
 Capture traffic for multiple Network Profiles simultaneously
 Download captured data for analysis (PCAP file format)
 Deep Capture Buffer - Capture up to 890Mbytes of traffic
 Better utilize capture buffer with filtered capture or use Packet slicing ability to capture only
packet header bytes
 Capture before and / or after emulator introduces impairments
 Trigger capture on incoming errors or when emulator generates impairment
 Captured packets include precise hardware based time-stamps with 16ns accuracy
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 51
New!! Capture Replay
(cont’d)
 Upload previously captured files to be replayed by GEM (PCAP) at up to true line rate
 PCAP files can be modified prior to upload
 Precisely replay traffic at captured rate or user defined rate
 Replay as background traffic along with through traffic
 Replay with or without impairments (including modification)
 Replay multiple captured files simultaneously with multiple Network Profiles
 Replay file single time or ‘n’ times or forever
PCAP file
Replay - Upload
thru traffic with
background
System
Under
Test
Use to generate non-stateful traffic
System
Under
Test
PCAP file
thru traffic with
background
Replay - Upload
System
Under
Test
Use to create background traffic
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 52
NEW! Spirent “Network Playback”
Gives “Profiler Playback” PLUS:
 Import and Playback custom network scenarios with user defined Impairment Tables
 Control: delay, drop, reorder, duplication, CRC error, corruption
 Table provides Packet to Packet control – each packet assigned to a table entry
 Also per ‘n’ packets or ‘n’ ms time
 Truly Dynamic control with industry leading Precision and Repeatability
 Extremely large tables supported for slow frequency events
 Playback control provided for each individual GEM Network Profile
 Works with other GEM features such as bandwidth control
System
Under Test
System
Under Test
Lab Test Bed
Number, Delay, Drop
1, 101.0, 0
2, 102.5, 1
3, 93.7, 0
4, 95.6, 0
5, 112.0, 0
6, 109.4, 0
7, 98.4, 0
8, 118.8, 0
9, 110.3, 0
10, 96.4, 0
Custom Impairment
Table
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 53
New!! Network Playback Applications
 Test new technologies, protocols or applications with virtually limitless control for:
 Any dynamic or “bursty” network scenario
 Exteremely high or even very low (sub-Herz) frequency delay change and impairment
events
 Custom statistical impairment distributions
 Open format supporting any network impairment model
 Stress Timing over Packet (PTP, NTP, RTP) clock recovery algorithms with
maximum precision of delay variation – per packet delay control
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 54
New!! Network Playback Details
 Playback Table once or repeat 2 to 255 times or forever
 Control playback of impairment table entries:

Packet to Packet or every “n” packets with “n” = 2 to 65535

“n” ms of time where “n” = 125ns to 475sec
 Playback delay values as defined in the table or increase/decrease
values by a user defined factor (e.g. 2x or 5x)
 Other GEM impairment controls can be used simultaneously

i.e., Modification, Bandwidth Control

Choice of source for impairment: table or GEM GUI (ignore drop from table)
Number, Delay, Drop
1, 101.0, 0
2, 102.5, 1
3, 93.7, 0
4, 95.6, 0
5, 112.0, 0
6, 109.4, 0
7, 98.4, 0
8, 118.8, 0
9, 110.3, 0
10, 96.4, 0
Example Table
 Custom Impairment Tables can be individually uploaded and controlled for each GEM Network
Profile (1-16)
 Bi-directional and Uni-directional emulation provided
 Playback progress provided – repeat count and % complete
Note: Simultaneous operation with TIA-921/ITU-T G.1050 test suites or Capture/Replay feature not currently supported
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 55
New!! Accumulate and Burst
 This standard GEM feature allows a user to specify a number of packets to
‘accumulate’ in a buffer before being ‘burst’ out of the emulator creating ‘bursty’ traffic
from a smooth input stream.
 Accumulate and Burst emulates congested networks and allows the user to stress a
device under test by exercising its buffers with line rate bursts of packets. It helps
determine how well a device can handle incoming bursty traffic.
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 56
New!! Accumulate and Burst
(cont’d)
Example:
 A packet burst value of 3 packets (Accumulation Mode = N Packets Only).
 A Minimum InterBurst Gap Value of 1 millisecond.
The “Incoming Packets” time line shows that 200us were required to accumulate 3 packets (ABC).
The “Outgoing Packets” time line shows the 3 packets being burst (ABC) after 200us and then a 1ms gap (1000 us)
before the next three packets are burst (DEF) at 1200us.
Then the next outgoing packet burst occurs (GHI) 1 ms later (2200 us from when the first packet arrived).
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 57
New!! Accumulate and Burst
(cont’d)
Accumulate and Burst has four parameters:


Accumulation Mode

N Packets Only: Accumulate packets until the buffer queue has “N” packets (specify numeric value) before
bursting out packets.

Timeout Only: Accumulate packets for a user specified "Timeout" (specify numeric value) before bursting
out packets.

N Packets Or Timeout: Accumulate packets until the buffer queue has N packets or the timeout has expired.
When either condition is met packets will be burst

N Packets And Timeout: Accumulate packets until the buffer queue has N packets and the timeout has
expired. Both conditions must be me before packets are burst.
Minimum InterBurst Gap


Burst Size


Specifies the minimum gap between packet bursts
Specifies the number of packets to accumulate before bursting
Timeout

Specifies the amount of time packets will accumulate before bursting
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 58
New!!
Correlated App Performance and Emulation Stats
 Import Stats into HP’s Loadrunner or Radview’s Report Manager
 Create custom charts
 Time correlated results provide meaningful information
 How much delay can the application tolerate while still meeting SLO?
 How much bandwidth is required to meet SLO?
 How robust is the application in presence of jitter, packet loss or errors?
Import GEM Emulator Stats
Show Response Time versus Delay
HP LoadRunner is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
WebLoad is a trademark of Radview Software Ltd.
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 59
New!!
Correlated App Performance and Emulation Stats
 Log GEM statistics directly to Windows Performance Monitoring format (Perfmon)
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 60
New!! Advanced Protocol Filter Suite
 Based on Custom Filter Library feature
 Today’s Filter Suite includes MPLS, PPPoE, IP, OSPF, PTP, FCoE
and RSVP and is growing
 Completely customizable to suite your needs!
 Share your filter libraries With Spirent for everyone’s mutual
benefit
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 61
New!! Custom Filter Library
 Adds custom protocol filters to GEM classifier page
 Open text based file format allows sharing of filters with colleagues
 Extends GEM beyond standard set of predefined filters
 MAC/IP address, VLAN/MPLS, TCP/UDP ports
 Makes it easier to classify traffic with proprietary or any other protocols
Example Custom Filters: FCoE, PPPoE and PTPv2
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 62
New!! Custom Filter Library – .AFL file
Example filter library with FC over Ethernet:
# Example filter library containing one custom filter definition
# FCoE has Ethertype of 0x8906
FCoE (non-tagged) {
FCoE Version (4bit):
L3@0[7:4]
format(DEC)
FC R_CTL:
L3@14
format(HEX)
FC Dest Addr:
L3@15-17
format(HEX)
FC CS_CTL:
L3@18
format(HEX)
FC Src Addr:
L3@19-21
format(HEX)
}
Above example results in the following filter template in GEM GUI
GEM Classifier Page with Custom FCoE Filter
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 63
Circuit Emulation and
Timing over Packet Testing
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 64
Testing CES and ToP Solutions
 Verify conformance to ITU-T G.8261, MEF-18 and other emerging standards
 Characterize clock recovery performance across a packet based network
 Validate TDM services are delivered across packet networks with the required jitter and
wander performance (per ITU-T G.823 and G.824)
 Verify packet-loss-concealment algorithms by introducing packet loss and re-order
 Validate the performance of protection fail-over features
 Verify accuracy of performance metrics reporting and status/alarm indicators
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 65
Replace your ITU-T G.8261 Test Bed
 G.8261 Appendix VI describes test bed for CES testing however:
 Not repeatable across labs and organizations
 Fundamental characteristics are left unspecified

E.g.: background traffic greatly affects results yet not sufficiently defined
 Complex to setup and maintain – Error Prone

Easy to make configuration errors which significantly compromise results unknowingly to users
 Costly – switches, multiple background traffic generators, labor
Spirent emulators are repeatable, accurate, customizable, easier to setup, less costly!
Get more realistic
testing done!
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 66
Circuit Emulation (TDM over Packet) testing
 Spirent GEM emulator provides highest precision, accuracy and repeatability
 Completely customizable PDV scenarios with Network Playback feature (per packet
control; MEF-18 test suites)
Symmetricom
TimeMonitor Analyzer
PDV, TIE, MTIE,
TDEV, MinTDEV
CES
TDM
Source
TDM
CES
CES IWF
Under Test
CES IWF
Under Test
TDM Jitter/Wander
Analyzer
ITU-T G.823 and G.824
masks
Emulated Network
ITU-T G.8261, MEF-18 or Custom scenarios
Precise, Dynamic, Customizable and Repeatable
Delay and Impairments
~
External Timing Source
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 67
New!! MEF-18 Test Suite
 Test specification based on ITU-T G.8261 from Metro Ethernet Forum
 Verifies transport of TDM services such as DS1, E1, DS3 and E3 over a Carrier
Ethernet network (CES, SAToP) with required min output wander
 Covers Section 6 “Synchronization” of MEF-18
 Test cases 6.1 – 6.8
 Calls for network emulator replacing the test bed defined in G.8261 Appendix VI in
order to create Packet Delay Variation (PDV).
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 68
New!! MEF-18 Test Suite
(cont’d)
 Provides repeatable testing against industry based test plans prior to formal
certification testing
 Based on GEM Network Playback feature providing highest possible accuracy
and is completely customizable
 Also test Timing over Packet (ToP) solutions such as PTP or IEEE 1588
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 69
Timing over Packet Testing
 GEM emulator provides highest precision, accuracy and repeatability
 Ideal for testing timing over packet solutions such as PTP (IEEE 1588)
 Completely customizable PDV scenarios with Network Playback feature (per packet or time
based control; scenario suites available)!
 Pathological timing scenarios
 Custom statistical distributions (long tail) and Low frequency content (diurnal variation)
PDV, TIE, MTIE,
TDEV, MinTDEV
PTP/NTP
PRS
Symmetricom
TimeMonitor Analyzer
PTP/NTP
Master Clock
Under Test
Recovered
Clock
MTIE, TDEV
Counter
Slave Clock
Under Test
Emulated Network
ITU-T G.8261, MEF-18 or Custom scenarios
Precise, Dynamic, Customizable and Repeatable
Delay and Impairments
~
External Timing Source
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 70
New!! Other Enhancements
 IPTV over IPv6
 Drop down list of applications and their common UDP/TCP destination port number.
One click to filter all SIP or RTP or HTTP traffic into a specific Network Profile.
 Improved interface for custom offsets in the classifier – used for filtering off protocol
data not provided in a predefined filter. Choose to filter off an offset from layer 2 or 3.
 Direct control of the classifier and Network Profile impairments within the Drag and
Drop GUI
 Profile Stats labels have been changed to more clearly indicate RX and TX flow
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 71
FCoE Testing
with GEM and XGEM
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 72
FCoE - Fibre Channel over Ethernet
 Native FC frames over IEEE Ethernet – no IP, TCP/UDP
 Replacing only the lower layer with Ethernet through use of Converged Network Adapters - has own
Ethertype – 0x8906
 Simplifies integration of existing FC and Ethernet fabrics
 One FC frame  One Ethernet frame
 FC lossless mechanism replaced with Ethernet 802.3x Pause
 Enables Converging Data and Storage Networks
 Reduces costs through common infrastructure, management and services
 Leverages economy of scale of Ethernet
 Simplifies Data Center infrastructure
 Managing FC fabric does not change
 Requirements
 Jumbo ~2.5KBytes (2112 byte FC payload)
 Lossless Ethernet Network 802.3X PAUSE
FC-4 Protocol Mapping
FC-4 Protocol Mapping
FC-3 Services
FC-3 Services
FC-2 Framing
FC-1 Data encode/decode
FC-0 Physical
FC-2 Framing
FCoE
MAC
Physical
IEEE 802.3
Ethernet
 Known and Enforced transit time
FCoE standardization process – 2008
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 73
Testing FCoE
 Validate the Lossless delivery of FCoE
 How does converged traffic affect FC throughput and vice versa?
 How does the whole system respond? (HBA, FCoE switch, Applications)
 Characterize performance and throughput of FC given set of Ethernet network conditions
 Validate robustness of system in presence of inevitable network impairments
 Verify QoS enforcement in the presence of Congestion
 Protocol Testing
 Target specific FCoE or FIP frames or fields for impairment
 Corrupt or Modify MAC addresses to stress addressing scheme (SPMA or FPMA)
 Analyze bidirectional responses to corrupted or dropped packets
 Test proper enforcement of FC lifetime requirements
 Interoperability testing under realistic conditions
 Ensure IP and FCoE worlds “play nice” (i.e., FC lifetime requirements are not enforced on IP traffic)
 Standard 10Gig Ethernet testing
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 74
Spirent FCoE Network Impairment Emulation
 1GigE (GEM) and 10GigE (XGEM) Gigabit Ethernet Network Emulation
 Impairments
 Drop, Corruption, Link Failure, Modification, Reorder, Duplication, Delay, Jitter, Traffic Burst
 MAC layer PAUSE frame control
 10Gig min IPG control
 Classified Statistics per application type
 Dynamically change bandwidth (throttle) simulating congestion
 Programmable Filter Library – support for all protocols above layer 2 (proprietary and future)
 Support for Jumbo frames needed for FC frame size and beyond
 Capture / Replay
 Line rate capture
 Bidirectional time correlated capture files
 Triggered or Filtered capture
 Timeout – Delay
 Supports VLAN tagging
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 75
Spirent GEM/XGEM Advantages

Precision and Accuracy (i.e., over delay)

Dynamically changing impairments over duration of test without data loss

High bandwidth or Full Line Rate support

10GbE, 10G FC or OC-192 support today

Chain multiple impairments and delay simultaneously during a test

Multi-protocol support - Ethernet, Fiber Channel, SONET/SDH, CPRI

Protection of investment with a flexible architecture and extensive roadmap

Testing per TIA-921 / ITU G.1050 Network Impairment Models

IPTV – Targeted MPEG2/4 packet impairments

Line rate Capture and Replay of incoming traffic

Jumbo Frame Support
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 76
Summary
 Industry’s most Precise and Repeatable emulator platform
 Always provides 100% Line Rate Processing up to 11.3Gbps
 Controlled by easy to use GUI, TCL API and/or front panel access
 Standard Network Models - TIA-921/ITU-T G.1050
 Dynamic Control over Delay and Impairments incl. selectively dropping MPEG4 I/P/B packets
 Real Time Statistics and Alarm Monitoring
 Layer 3 routing supporting automated configuration of test bed
 Flexible FPGA based architecture protects investment
 Comprehensive Layer 1 through Layer 7 Impairments
 Only Integrated Multi-Protocol Emulator -Ethernet, SONET/SDH, Fiber Channel, OTN, CPRI
 Router Mode for connecting devices to Spirent GEM from the same or different subnets
 Profiler for accurate capture and replay of production net. characteristics and “real world” results
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 77
Product Info
Proprietary and Confidential.
Subject to change.
Supersedes all previous communications
The information on the roadmap is not a
commitment, promise or legal obligation to
deliver any material, code or functionality .
Configuration
1. Chassis - AS-CKL-2U (Bi-Directional Chassis supporting up to 4 blades - M1 or H10*
2. Blades (supports all Emulator Loads with same hardware interface)
1.
AS-M1 (a.k.a. Maui - provides network emulation up to 2.6Gbps)
2.
AS-H10 (a.k.a. Hawaii - provides network emulation up to 11.3Gbps)
Note: Maui only support SFPs. Hawaii supports both.
Note: You cannot mix and match blades in the same chassis
3. Interface Modules*
1.
SFPs (MM850, SM1310, MM1310, SM1490, SM1550, CGI (10/100/1000Base-T Copper), ….)
2.
XFPs (XMM850, XSM1310, XSM1550, CX4, ….)
4. Emulator Loads (includes software, firmware and GUI)
1.
AS-GEM (10/100/1000 Ethernet Emulator – up to 64 network profiles* per chassis)
2.
AS-XGEM (Multi profile 10Gig Ethernet Emulator – up to 8 network profiles per chassis)
3.
AS-GE, AS-GE10L, AS-GE10LFD, AS-GE10LFO (1/10GigE LAN or WAN PHY Signal Delay)
NOTE: A Network Profile is a filter to identify a specific location or application type in order to apply:
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 79
Configuration (cont’d)
5.
Options
•
AS-DX2 Delay Doubler (non-PD and XGEM systems)
•
AS-DSX Delay SuperExtender (GEM only)
•
AS-TIA921 – TIA-921/ITU-T G.1050 (GEM only)
•
AS-DSF – Dynamic Search Filter (GEM only)
•
AS-IPTV – IPTV Impairments (GEM only)
•
AS-VPE16 – 16 Virtual Ports per physical interface (GEM only)
•
AS-PROPLAY – Profiler Replay (GEM only)
•
AS-CAPPLAY – Capture Replay (GEM/XGEM - requires Hawaii 10G blades)
•
AS-NETPLAY – Network Playback (GEM Only)
1 Year Standard HW Warranty
1 Year Standard Software Maintenance
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 80
“Coupled” Interface Connection
Blade 4
DUT
TX/RX
RX
TX
SFP with Copper
RJ45 or Optical LC
Connectors
TX/RX
RX
TX
RX
TX
TX/RX
Blade 3
Blade 2
DUT
Spirent
Emulator
SFP with Copper
RJ45 or Optical LC
Connectors
Spirent
Emulator
DUT
SFP with Copper
RJ45 or Optical LC
Connectors
RX
TX
TX/RX
DUT
SFP with Copper
RJ45 or Optical LC
Connectors
Blade 1
SFP
Copper or Optical
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 81
“Uncoupled” Interface Connection
Blade 4
DUT
RX
TX
TX
LC
Connectors
DUT
TX
RX
LC
Connectors
TX
RX
Blade 3
Blade 2
RX
Spirent
Emulator
TX
LC
Connectors
Spirent
Emulator
RX
LC
Connectors
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
TX
DUT
DUT
Blade 1
SFP
Fiber Kits Provided
Optical
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 82
Hawaii Platform Interface Connection
Top Blade
DUT
RX
TX
TX
LC
Connectors
Spirent
Emulator
RX
LC
Connectors
RX
TX
RX
TX
DUT
Bottom Blade
Optical – “Uncoupled”
Top Blade
DUT
TX/RX
RX
TX
Optical LC,
Copper RJ45 or CX4
Connectors
Spirent
Emulator
Optical LC,
Copper RJ45 or CX4
Connectors
TX/RX
RX
TX
DUT
Bottom Blade
Copper or Optical “Coupled” GEM or XGEM
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 83
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 84
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential.
Subject to change.
Supersedes all previous communications
The information on the roadmap is not a
commitment, promise or legal obligation to
deliver any material, code or functionality .
Sample Customers
STORAGE
NETWORK
EQUIPMENT
PROVIDERS
WIRELESS
MOBILE
ENTERPRISE
GOVERNMENT
INSTITUTIONS
SYSTEM INTEGRATOR
IC MAKERS
Proprietary and Confidential. Subject to change. Supersedes all previous communications —Page 86