Transcript Ancient Greece Notes

Greece’s Geography
• Located in Southeast Europe
• Greece is a peninsula or a
body of land surrounded by
water on three sides.
• Greece had very little
farmable land, narrow rivers,
and rough mountains.
• It is a small land about the
size of Pennsylvania.
Greece’s Economy
• Greece’s had very little
• Very few natural
farming or agriculture
resources, lots of
marble
• Some manufactured
goods were made
• Had to trade for
most resources
• Greek pottery was some of
the best in the world
• One of the biggest
trading nations of
the time
Greece Society
• Greek cities were separated
by mountains, therefore there
was a lack of one large
capital city
• City-states arose, were
known as polis, individual
governments
• Greek citizens were
considered equal. (Had to be
land owning, not slaves)
• Each city state had its own
governments
• Some of the city-states’
government had a
democracy, or
government ruled by its
people.
• These included Athens,
Corinth, Syracuse, etc.
Greek Philosophy
• Greece had many philosophers, or
intellectual thinkers about nature,
logic, knowledge, etc.
• Socrates: Had a question and answer
approach to teaching (Socratic
Method)
• Plato: Student of Socrates, had new
ideas about government
• Aristotle: Student of Plato, questioned
nature of world and humans. Set up
Scientific Method
Literature and Art
• New type of writing; Epics
• Famous author Homer
– Wrote the Iliad and Odyssey
• Art: Sculptures
– Made out of marble
– Architecture
– Heavily influenced future art
Architecture & Theater
• Architecture: Parthenon
and other temples (pillars
were a main feature)
• Theater: Entertainment for
Greeks. Popular plays
were comedies and
tragedies. Plays were held
in outside stadiums or
theatres
Persian Wars (490 BC – 479 BC)
• Wars fought between
Greek city states and
Persians
• King Darius wanted to
conquer Greece, brought
large army, was defeated
by Greeks.
• Darius’s son Xerses 10
years later vowed to
destroy Athens and the
rest of Greece
• Brings army of millions to
Greece. Succeeds in
destroying Athens
however is defeated by
combined Greek army
Peloponnesian War (431 BC – 404 BC)
• War between Sparta and
Athens (other smaller city
states also involved)
• Sparta and other city
states had become jealous
of Athen’s wealth and
power.
• Sparta had the stronger
military, was eventually
able to defeat Athens
Alexander the Great
• Greek General, son of Philip II.
• Was crowned at the age of 20,
was a student of Aristotle.
• Defeated Persian army in
Anatolia (modern day Turkey)
• Later captured Egypt from the
Persians
• Would travel East, to try to
expand his empire even further.
Made it all the way to India before
falling ill and dying at age 32
Hellenism
• After Alexander, Greek culture
changed.
• Greek culture became
blended with Egyptian,
Persian, and Indian cultures, a
new culture called Hellenism
was born.
• Alexandria in Egypt was the
center of Hellenistic Culture.
• Brought about changes in
Math and other subjects
Mathematics
• Hellenistic Greeks brought
new advances to mathematics
• First time geometry and
calculus are seen.
• Pythagoras: Came up with
Pythagorean Theory.
• Archimedes: Studed pi – dealt
with circumference of circles in
relation with diameter