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Review Questions--Greece thru Rome Describe Greece’s Geography: Peninsula with limited fertile land making trade necessary that controlled the Aegean Sea. Mild climate promoted life outdoors. Need to colonize abroad for land and because of overpopulation. King of Greek Olympic gods? Zeus Queen/mother of Greek gods? Hera Greek goddess of love? Aphrodite Type of government Athens had during its golden age? Direct democracy Tyrant reformer of Athens whose laws were too harsh? Draco Tyrant reformer who made Athens more democratic? Solon Who could not participate in Athen’s democracy? Women, slaves, foreigners. Militaristic city-state with an oligarchy; rivaled Athens? Sparta Wars between Greece and Persia? Persian Wars Two victories for Greece over Persia in the Persian Wars? Marathon and Salamis Why was the Persian Wars important to the development of Greek culture? Led to the creation of the Delian League; temporary unification of Greek city-states; led to Athenian Golden Age Leader of the Athenian Golden Age? Pericles Wars between Athens/ Delian League and Sparta/Peloponnesian League? Peloponnesian War Results of the Peloponnesian War? Ended Athenian Golden Age; decline of Greece - ripe for attack by Philip II Greek marketplace and meeting place? Agora Great temple built during the reign of Pericles with oversight by Phidias (temple to Athena)? Parthenon Greek fortified hill? Acropolis One of two tragedy playwrights? Aeschylus or Sophocles Writer of the Iliad and Odyssey? Homer Great Greek sculptor of Athena and Zeus? Phidias Father of History; wrote about Persian Wars? Herodotus Developed density, water screw, pi, and improved use of the lever? Archimedes Father of scientific medicine? Hippocrates Father of geometry? Euclid Great Greek Philosophers? SPA: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Great philosopher who was sentenced to death; taught knowledge is the greatest virtue? Socrates Wrote The Republic; student of Socrates? Plato Teacher of Alexander the Great? Aristotle Greek-like culture that blended with Oriental cultures? Hellenistic Person Responsible for spreading Hellenistic culture? Alexander the Great Describe Rome’s geography: Centrally located in Mediterranean Basin, Alps provided some protection, fertile soil. Modern day France used to be called? Gaul Our planets are named after? Roman gods and goddesses King of Roman gods? Jupiter Roman goddess of love? Venus Powerful nobility of Rome/Upper class? Patricians Majority of Romans; commoners/lower class? Plebeians Laws of Rome? 12 Tables Rome’s laws guaranteed (what principle do we still use)? Innocent until proven guilty Wars between Rome and Carthage? Punic Wars Carthaginian general who invaded Rome during the Second Punic War? Hannibal How did Rome gain control of the western Mediterranean Sea and trade through the region? Victory against Carthage in Punic Wars. Causes for the decline of the Roman Republic? Spread of slavery, migration of small farmers to the cities (homeless, jobless), civil war and inflation Why was Julius Caesar assassinated? Some Senators felt he was becoming too powerful and popular Who defeated Marc Antony to become Rome’s first emperor? Octavian/Augustus 200 year period of peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire? Pax Romana Who was the emperor who began the Pax Romana? Augustus As Rome’s empire grew, what happened to the power of the Senate? Went down What was the impact of the Pax Romana? Uniform system of currency, safe travel and trade, expansion of the Roman Empire, social stability Who was the apostle who spread Christianity to the people of the Roman Empire? Paul Which Roman emperor legalized and adopted Christianity? Constantine Book that tells of the life and teachings of Jesus? New Testament Monotheistic? Belief in one god 3 monotheistic religions? Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism As Rome’s Empire fell, what happened to the power of the Catholic Church? It increased Roman architectural contributions? Dome, road, Pantheon, Colosseum, aqueduct, Roman arch Language of Rome? Latin The Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, etc.) are based on? Latin Writer of the Aeneid? Virgil Belief in many gods? polytheistic Why did the Western Roman Empire decline? Cost of defense, inflation, moral decay, political problems, civil wars, unclear line of succession, and invasions by barbarians.