Transcript Review Power Point Unit 2

Review Time!!!!
Unit 2
• Name several ways geography affected Greece
• Mountains – kept them isolated into independent
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city states; made travel and transportation
difficult
Poor farmland – had to trade for food, limited
the population
Surrounded by sea – travel, transportation, trade
Moderate climate – outdoor life – politics, sports,
civic duty
• What early group built fortified walls on the hills
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of Greece?
Mycenaeans
What war was fought by the Mycenaeans over
the kidnapping of the King’s wife?
Trojan War
Who wrote about this war?
Homer
What were his stories entitled?
The Iliad and The Odyssey
• What are these long tales of heroic deeds
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called?
Epics
What group ruled Greece from approximately
1200 BCE to 800 BCE and failed to advance?
Dorians
What do we call this period?
The Dark Ages
• Traditional stories about the gods were called
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what?
Myths
What does the word polis mean?
City State
What is a city state?
Independent city with own govt, customs, etc.
Not part of a unified nation
Government run by a king is called
Monarchy
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A fortified hilltop was called
Acropolis
What happened at these places?
Meetings, government, discussions, temples
A government ruled by a small group of wealthy
individuals
Aristocracy
Government by the few
Oligarchy
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Government by the people
Democracy
What kind of democracy did the Greeks have?
Direct
What kind of government do we have?
Representative
Leaders who took over aristocratic leaders with
the support of the people were
Tyrants
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Who developed a harsh code of Greek law?
Draco
Who outlawed debt slavery and imprisonment?
Solon
Who increased the number of people who could
participate in government?
Cleisthenes
• What was the role of Athenian women?
• Raise family, tend to the home, etc.
• Peasants who were forced into slavery by the
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Spartans were called
Helots
Spartan boys left home for military training at
age
7
At what age did they become official soldiers?
20
• At what age did Spartan soldiers retire?
• 60
• What was the role of Spartan women?
• Strong, physically fit to bear children and
defend Sparta
• What was in Spartan soup?
• Pork boiled in animal blood, vinegar, salt

• Greek foot soldiers were called
• Hoplites
• A powerful infantry formation where soldiers
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stood shoulder to shoulder was the
Phalanx
The first battle of the Persian war was at
Marathon
Who won this battle?
Greeks
• Who was Pheidippedes?
• Runner who ran 26 miles to tell Athens of
the victory
• Who was the Persian leader at this battle?
• Darius
• Who was his son who sought revenge on
the Greeks at Thermopylae?
• Xerxes
• What happened at Thermopylae?
• Mountain pass defended by 6,000 Greeks (300
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Spartans); Greeks betrayed, Persians won, all
Spartans died; Athens burned
At what naval battle did the Greeks defeat the
Persians?
Salamis
What was the final battle of the Persian War?
Plataea
• What defensive league was formed by the Greek
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city states following the Persian War?
Delian
Who dominated this league?
Athens
What period of history was ushered in following
the defeat of Persia?
Golden Age
• Who was the Greek leader during the Golden
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Age?
Pericles
What did Pericles do for Athens?
Strengthened democracy, improved the navy,
allowed more people to participate in
government
What was the Assembly?
Voting Greek citizens (adult, male)
• What were some notable Greek accomplishments during
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the Golden Age?
Philosophy, Art, Theatre, Sculpture, Science, Math,
Architecture
What philosopher was convicted of corrupting the minds
of youth?
Socrates
Who was his most famous student?
Plato
What school did he establish?
The Academy
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Where were Greek plays performed?
Amphitheatres
What were the two types of Greek plays?
Tragedy and Comedy
What do we call this period of World history?
Classical
Who was the father of history?
Herodotus
What historian based his writings on factual
information?
• Thucydides
• What war occurred between Sparta and
Athens?
• Peloponnesian
• What disaster struck Athens during this
war?
• Plague
• What does philosophy mean?
• Love of wisdom
• What philosopher was the tutor of Alexander the
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Great?
Aristotle
Why were these philosophers ahead of their
time?
Promoted free thought, higher level thinking,
examining oneself, questioning the world
What was the Socratic method?
Teaching by asking questions
• What famous temple housed the ancient statue
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of Athena?
Parthenon
What kingdom to the north of Greece eventually
conquered it?
Macedonia
Who was the leader who took over most of
Greece?
Phillip II
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Who was Phillip’s famous son?
Alexander the Great
What great empire did Alexander defeat?
Persian
How far east did Alexander’s empire extend?
Indus Valley
How long did Alexander remain in power?
12 years (age 20 - 32)
• The blending of Greek and Middle Eastern
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culture was called
Hellenistic
Blending of cultures is called
Cultural diffusion
What achievements were made during this
period?
Literature, architecture, art, science, math,
astronomy, physics, philosophy
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What was the most important Hellenistic city?
Alexandria, Egypt
Whose work is the basis of modern geometry?
Euclid
Who developed the idea of pi and worked with
levers and pulleys?
Archimedes
• Who wrote Greek comedies?
• Aristophanes
• What philosophy believed in the pursuit of
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pleasure and happiness in life?
Epicureanism
What philosophy focused on bearing the
burdens of life with strength?
Stoicism
When were the first Olympics held?
776 BCE
ROME
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Who were the legendary founders of Rome?
Romulus and Remus
Who raised them?
A wolf
When was Rome founded?
753 BC
On what river was Rome built?
Tiber
• What mountain range runs down the
center of Italy?
• Apennine
• What type of government was established
in Rome?
• Republic
• Italy is what type of land mass?
• Peninsula
• What were the wealthy members of Rome
called?
• Patricians
• What were the lower class members
called?
• Plebeians
• What group controlled northern Italy?
• Etruscans
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When was the Roman Republic founded?
509 BCE
What is a Republic?
Government run by elected officials
What were the 300 members of government
who made laws called?
Senators
What were the 2 rulers of Rome called?
Consuls
• How long did consuls serve in office?
• 1 year
• What government body was created to
represent the plebeians?
• Council of Plebes
• What was the name of the written code of
law developed by the plebeians?
• Twelve Tables, 451 BCE
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What was the Roman army called?
Roman Legion (Legionnaires)
Who would rule Rome during times of war?
A dictator
What series of wars began in 264 BCE?
Punic Wars
These were wars between Rome and
Carthage (Phoenician colony in N. Africa)
• How many wars were fought?
•3
• Who led an army with elephants through Spain
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through Europe to try to conquer Italy?
Hannibal
What resulted from this?
Scipio attacked Carthage (Zama) and Hannibal
was forced to return (and retreat from Italy)
• When Carthage was finally defeated in the
3rd war, what happened to its inhabitants?
• All 50,000 sold into slavery
• What was the importance of the Punic
Wars?
• Greatly increased the size of the Roman
Republic – dominant in the Mediterranean
• Which brothers tried to make reforms in Rome and were
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both murdered?
Gracchus
Caesar, Pompey and Crassus formed an alliance called
the
First Triumvirate
What reforms did Caesar institute?
Granted citizenship to many people in provinces,
expanded the Senate, helped create jobs through new
public works projects, increased pay for soldiers
• The first Roman Emperor was
• Augustus (Octavian)
• The 200 year period of peace in Rome was
called the
• Pax Romana
• What VALUES did the Romans possess?
• Loyalty, duty, discipline, usefulness,
practicality, strength
• Roman gladiator fights occurred at the
• Colosseum
• What new religion developed during the days of the
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early Roman empire?
Christianity
What ideas did Jesus emphasize in his teachings?
Forgiveness, love, charity, kindness, love of god,
neighbors, etc.
Why was Jesus crucified?
Roman leaders concerned that he posed a threat,
wouldn’t pray to Roman leaders, upset Jewish leaders
• What were some reasons why Christianity
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became more popular?
Offered salvation, hope, based on love,
kindness, all could be members, just needed
faith, rich and poor alike welcomed, eternal life
Who was the first Christian Roman emperor?
Constantine
Who split the Roman empire?
Diocletian
• What were some of the “barbaric” tribes that
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invaded Rome?
Huns, Goths, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals,
Ostragoths
When did the Roman empire officially fall?
476 AD
What was the capital of the eastern part of the
empire that lived on?
Constantinople (Asia Minor)
EVERYONE
• Name several reasons for the decline of Rome
• Inflation, loss of loyalty, mercenaries, lack of
gold and silver, land depleted – affected
harvests, unemployment, decline of discipline
and morale, empire too large, gap between rich
and poor, inflation, loss of patriotism, invasions,
disruption of trade, tax burden, little money for
defense, moving capital to Byzantium
(Constantinople), division of empire, civil war
and unrest