Transcript 1st Civilizations in Greece

Greece
Vocabulary
• Tyrant-a person who takes power by force & rules
with total authority “harsh oppressive ruler”
• Colony-Settlement in a new territory that keeps
close ties to its homeland
• Aristotle-Plato’s student “golden mean” do
nothing in excess
• Socrates-Invented Socratic method, asked
questions to force students to use their reasoning
• Plato-Socrates student, did not feel democracy is
how you should run government, philosophers
should run gov’t
Vocab cont. . .
• Parthenon-temple built to celebrate
their goddess Athena in Athens
• Polis-Greek word meaning city-state
• City-State - Town/city & surrounding
countryside, independent area
• Democracy - all citizens share in
running government (Athens)
• Oligarchy- Few people hold power
(Sparta)
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• gods and goddesses
Culture
• Mythology-Greeks believed that
Gods/Goddesses controlled nature and they
lived on Mt. Olympus (highest mountain in
Greece).
The main God was Zeus-ruled the sky
• Poetry Fables
Homer-(700 BC) wrote epics
-ILLiad, about the Trojan Horse
-Odyssey
Aesop (slave) wrote fables
-Tortoise & Hare “slow and steady wins the race”
-Wolf in sheep’s clothing “appearances are often
deceiving
• Drama
Culture cont. . .
comedy-ends happy
Tragedy-end unhappily
• Arts/Architecture
made murals and columns
(3 types-leave space)
no picture-leave space
•
Philosophers-love of wisdom; studied history, political science,
1.) Pythagoras-universe followed same laws that
science. & math
govern music & numbers
• 2.) Sophists-there is no right or wrong use
knowledge to improve yourself
• 3.) Socrates-invented socratic method (teacher
asks a question to force the student to use their
reasoning-still used today)
• 4.) Plato-Socrates student, he did not feel
democracy is how you should run government,
philosophers should run gov’t
• 5.) Aristotle-Plato’s student “GOLDEN MEAN” do
1st Civilizations in Greece
Greece was divided into independent
polis’s because of mountains and seas
Minoan
2000 b.c.
worshipped earth
mother, used sun
and stars to navigate
sea
Mycenae
1900 b.c.
built city on hill,at top was
palace, on side of hill was
estates, farms belong to
nobles, had slave farmers
-Government kept track of
everything (wealth and made
them pay taxes with honey and
livestock)
700 BC Boom in population, so many people they
moved out to form colonies, people became
Sparta
Oligarchy-few people rule (2 kinds and 28
citizens)
*Boys at age 7 had to go into training. treated Athens
badly to make them tough
*Age 20-60 joined Military
“You Win or you Die”
Age 18 boys finished
I would rather be carried back
on my sword then lose the
fight”
school & became
citizens
choose 500 members by
lottery to be in council
Focused on
army and
not trade Direct Democracy-gathered in mass
meetings to handle government matters.
6000 people attended every 10 days
Cyrus the great-Darius-Xerxes (persian kings)
when they conquered they were very nice,
believed in 1 god would triumph evil
BATTLE OF MARATHON-Athens had 10000
men and persian had 20000 men. Persians
waited for Athens to attack, they figured that
they were not coming so they loaded their
ships to go to another side (sent strongest on
ship first -men on horses), once the strongest
were on board Athens attacked , Athens won.
A messenger ran back to Athens -26 milesand collapsed, his final words were
Phillip II
400 B.C. King of Macedonia, was from Greece but
lived in Macedonia. He admired Greeks but he
still conquered each city-state either by force or
persuasion. Once he conquered all of Greece he
went to attack Persia. Phillip II was murdered but
his son Alexander took over (he was 20 years old
and he died at 32)
Alexander The Great
Conquered Persian empire and spread Greek culture
throughout southwest Asia
HE was Brave, reckless warrior. He rode into battle
ahead of his men.
*He built the great trade city Alexandria.
*He conquers Persia in 334 B.C.