Transcript NOTES/Vocabulary-ppt - Warren County Public Schools

Greece
• Tyrant-aVocabulary
person who takes power by force & rules
with total authority. A “harsh oppressive ruler”
• Colony-Settlement in a new territory that keeps
close ties to its homeland
• Socrates- Invented Socratic method. He asked
questions to force students to use their
reasoning.
• Plato - Socrates’ student. He did not feel
democracy is how you should run government.
He thought philosophers should run gov’t.
• Aristotle- He was a student of Plato’s. Plato
taught him the “golden mean”. The golden mean
= do nothing in excess
Vocab
cont.
.
.
• Parthenon-temple built to celebrate their
goddess Athena in Athens
• City-State - Town/city & surrounding
countryside, independent area
• Polis-Greek word meaning city-state
• Democracy - a government where all
citizens share in running the government
(Athens)
• Oligarchy- a government where few people
hold power (Sparta)
Copy page 155 into
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• gods and goddesses
Greek Culture
• Mythology-Greeks believed that
Gods/Goddesses controlled nature and they
lived on Mt. Olympus (highest mountain in
Greece).
The main god was Zeus-ruled the sky
• Poetry & Fables
Homer-(700 BC) wrote epics
-ILLiad - about the Trojan Horse
Odyssey
Aesop (slave) wrote fables (have a moral point)
-Tortoise & Hare “slow and steady wins the race”
-Wolf in sheep’s clothing “appearances are often
deceiving”
• Drama
Culture cont. . .
comedy-ends happily
Tragedy-ends unhappily
• Arts/Architecture
made murals and columns
(3 types-leave space)
no picture-leave space
•
1.) Pythagoras- he believed the universe
Philosophers-love of wisdom; studied history, political science,
followed the same
laws
that
govern
music
&
science, & math
numbers.
• 2.) Sophists- a group of people who believe there
is no right or wrong. We should use knowledge to
improve ourselves.
• 3.) Socrates-invented socratic method (teacher
asks a question to force the student to use their
reasoning-still used today)
• 4.) Plato-A student of Socrates. He did not feel
democracy is how you should run government,
philosophers should run gov’t
1st Civilizations in Greece
Greece was divided into independent
polis’
because
of
mountains
and
seas
Minoans
Mycenaeans
2000 B.C.
-1900 B.C.
worshipped earth
- They built a city on a hill
mother, used sun
-At the top was a palace, and on the
and stars to navigateside of the hill were estates.
- The nobles owned farms. The
sea
nobles had slave farmers.
-The government kept track of
everyone’s wealth and made them
pay taxes with honey and livestock .
In 700 B.C.E. there was a boom in population, so many
people moved out to form colonies, and became specialists.
Sparta
Oligarchy-few people rule (2 kings and 28
citizens)
*Boys at age 7 had to go into training. They were
treated badly to make them tough.
*Age 20-60 they joined the Military
You Win or you Die
“I would rather be carried back
on my shield than lose the
fight”
Athens
At age 18, boys
finished school &
became citizens
*Sparta focused on their
500 members of the council were
army, and
chosen by lottery.
not on trade.
Direct Democracy- people gathered in
mass meetings to handle government
matters. 6000 people attended every 10
Cyrus the great-Darius-Xerxes (persian kings)
when they conquered they were very nice,
believed in 1 god would triumph evil
BATTLE OF MARATHON-Athens had 10000
men and persian had 20000 men. Persians
waited for Athens to attack, they figured that
they were not coming so they loaded their
ships to go to another side (sent strongest on
ship first -men on horses), once the strongest
were on board Athens attacked , Athens won.
A messenger ran back to Athens -26 milesand collapsed, his final words were
Phillip II
400 B.C. King of Macedonia, was from Greece but
lived in Macedonia. He admired Greeks but he
still conquered each city-state either by force or
persuasion. Once he conquered all of Greece he
went to attack Persia. Phillip II was murdered but
his son Alexander took over (he was 20 years old
and he died at 32)
Alexander The Great
Conquered Persian empire and spread Greek culture
throughout southwest Asia
He was a brave reckless warrior. He rode into battle
ahead of his men.
*He built the great trade city Alexandria.
*He conquered Persia in 334 B.C.