Transcript Ancient Greece - MrsGaunasWiki

Ancient Greece
“The unexamined life is not
worth living.”
-Socrates
The Polis
By 700 BC the polis
(city-state) emerged
as basic political unit
of Greece
Citizens could vote,
hold public office, own
property and speak
for themselves in
court
In return, citizens
were expected to
serve in government
and defend polis
during wartime
Sparta and Athens
Two major city-states
were Sparta and Athens
Sparta: located in
southern Greece; a very
skilled, warlike society
Athens: located in
central Greece; free
society that was known
for artistic and intellectual
achievements
Athens was first to
develop idea of
democracy, with a written
constitution
Persian War
Persia vs. Greece,
in 490 BC Persian
forces tried to
invade Greece at
Marathon, 25 miles
north of Athens
They were
surprised by the
Greeks there and
defeated
The Legend of the Marathon
The modern-day
marathon began as a
tribute to Greek soldier
Pheidippides
He ran from Marathon to
Athens after the defeat
of Persia to claim
“victory” for Greece,
then collapsed and died
The first marathon was
held to commemorate
his death at the first
modern Olympics in
1896 in Greece
Peloponnesian War
Sparta vs. Athens,
431 – 404 BC
Athens surrendered in
404 BC
Long war left Greece
economically weak,
politically unstable,
and with a decrease in
population. This left
Greece vulnerable to
attack.
Pericles
After Persian War,
Pericles (Athenian
General) rebuilt
Athens and made it
the most beautiful
city in Greece
Built Parthenon,
temple of goddess,
Athena
Encouraged idea of
democracy
Olympic Games
Began in 776 BC
A series of athletic
competitions
between Greek citystates
Held to honor Greek
God Zeus (king of
Gods) and Pelops
(king of Olympia)
Held every four
years
Socrates
First Greek philosopher
Developed Socratic
Method—stimulate
thinking, questions and
answers
Laid foundation for
Western Philosophy
Socrates was put on
trial and found guilty of
corrupting the minds of
Athenian youth
He was sentenced to
death by poison
Plato
Student of Socrates
Mathematician and
philosopher
Started the Academy
in Athens, first
institution of higher
learning in western
world
In 360 BC, wrote “The
Republic” about
philosophy and
political theory
Aristotle
Student of Plato and
teacher of Alexander
the Great
Scientist,
mathematician,
philosopher
Earliest formal study
of logic and science
First to observe facts
and generalize
information from data
Herodotus
First Greek historian—
considered “Father of
History” in Western
culture
Studied fact vs. legend
by asking questions,
checking sources and
recording answers
Wrote well constructed,
written narratives
Wrote The Histories
about the GrecoPersian Wars
Pythagoras
Greek
mathematician—
considered “the
father of numbers”
Created
Pythagorean
Theorem: still used
in Geometry today
(a^2+b^2 = c^2)
Hippocrates
Ancient Greek
physician—
considered the
“father of
medicine”
Developed
Hippocratic Oath:
code for ethical
behavior in
medicine