Transcript FIRST AID for the Little League Volunteer

Safety
for the
Little League Volunteer
Barrington Little League
2014
O The purpose of this learning
module is to assist little
league volunteers in
preventing and treating
illness and injury on the
baseball field, during practice
and games and informing of
other safety related concerns.
Objectives
Understand basic injury prevention
techniques.
Differentiate between mild, moderate and
severe injuries
Determine appropriate first aid techniques.
Design an injury plan to prepare for a severe
injury.
Decide when an injured player is ready to
practice and/or play.
Preventing Injuries - playing area
Always evaluate the playing area for any unsafe
conditions.
O Foreign materials that don’t belong
O Unsafe base placement
O Large holes in ground/field
O Fence irregularities
O Beehives
Preventing injuries - protective gear
Catcher
O Catcher’s helmet with facemask and dangling throat
guard
O Shin Guards
O Protective Cup (BB)
O Long model chest protector (short model for SB)
Fielders
O Protective cup recommended for all male players
O Face shield for pitcher/corner infielders (SB/BB optional)
Batter/Runner
O Batters’ helmet with faceguard
All Positions
O Mouth guard (Optional)
O Protective Eyewear (Optional)
Preventing injuries - safe practices
Pre-game and practice warm up and stretches
Teach & Drill proper throwing mechanics
Teach & Drill proper running and sliding
mechanics
Keep pitching rules in mind when practicing
Teach eye contact when throwing
Preventing injuries- miscellaneous
NO jewelry during games or practices, ONLY
exception is medical alert bracelets.
NO, swinging bats on
deck or in dugout
General Recommendations
O Always inform parents of an injury if they are not present
O
O
O
O
when it occurs.
Always report the Safety Officer or BOD when there’s an
incident that causes a player, manager, coach, umpire or
volunteer to receive medical treatment and/or first aid must
be reported. This includes passive treatments such as
evaluation and diagnosis of the extent of the injury or
periods of rest.
Always receive a medical release before allowing an injured
player to return to play
Please fill out an Injury Tracking form any injury, even one
that appears minor.
Please fill out an Injury Claim form for any injury that has a
chance or is definitely going to require the patient to be
seen by a medical professional.
Evaluating an injury
Listen
Look
Feel
Move
.. How did the injury occur?
.. What did the player feel/hear?
.. What did observers see/hear?
.. Specifically, where is the pain?
.. Complaint of pain on movement?
.. What do you see?
Bleeding?
Bruising, swelling, break in skin?
Deformity in limb/bone?
.. Touch the injured area
is there pain or only tenderness
.. Can the player move the injured area?
Injuries – Cuts & Scrapes
O
Clean the wound
O Rinse out the wound with clear water. If debris remains
embedded in the wound after cleaning, see your doctor.
O
Stop the bleeding.
O Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own.
If they don't, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or
bandage. Hold the pressure continuously for up to 20 to
30 minutes. Don't keep checking to see if the bleeding has
stopped because this may damage the fresh clot that's
forming and cause bleeding to resume. If the blood spurts
or continues to flow after continuous pressure, seek
medical assistance.
O
Apply an antibiotic.
O After you clean the wound, apply a thin layer of an
antibiotic cream or ointment such as Neosporin to help
keep the surface moist
Injuries – Cuts & Scrapes, cont’d
O Cover the wound.
O Exposure to air speeds healing, but bandages can help
keep the wound clean and keep harmful bacteria out.
O Get stitches for deep wounds.
O A wound that cuts deeply through the skin or is gaping
or jagged-edged and has fat or muscle protruding
requires stitches. A strip or two of surgical tape may
hold a minor cut together, but if you can't easily close
the mouth of the wound, see your doctor. Proper
closure minimizes scarring and infection.
O Check with your doctor so see if you are due for a
tetanus shot within 48 hours of the injury
Injuries – Sprains & Strains
O These are common injuries. Most are minor and will
O
O
O
O
respond well to rest and ice. If a player is not able to
comfortably move the injured area within a few moments of
an injury, they should be removed from the game. (i.e., if
they aren’t able to “walk it off.)”
If a player is not able to voluntarily move an injured area,
you should not attempt to move it for them.
If immediate swelling occurs or if a limb is obviously
deformed, immobilize the site if you know how to do so
safely.
Splint the area if possible. Have them get medical attention
immediately. Call 911 or have the player’s parent do so.
If the player heard a popping sound when their joint was
injured or they can't use the joint. This may mean the
ligament was completely torn apart. They should have
emergency evaluation. On the way to the doctor, apply a
cold pack.
Injuries – Sprains & Strains, cont’d
RICE Treatment
Rest the injured limb.
Ice the area. Using a cold pack, a slush bath or a compression
sleeve filled with cold water all limit swelling after an injury. Try to
apply ice as soon as possible after the injury.
Compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage. Parents
may want to do this if they feel comfortable with this and know how to
do so. Do not make the compress so tight it cuts off circulation.
Elevate the injured limb whenever possible to help prevent or
limit swelling.
Injuries – Fractures
O A fracture is a broken bone. It requires emergency medical
attention.
O Dial 911 or call emergency medical assistance if:
O There is heavy bleeding.
O Even gentle pressure or movement causes pain.
O The limb or joint appears deformed.
O The bone has pierced the skin.
O The extremity of the injured arm or leg, such as a toe or
finger, is numb or bluish at the tip.
Injuries – Fracture, cont’d
O DO NOT move the person unless the broken bone is stable.
O DO NOT move a person with an injured hip, pelvis, or upper
leg.
O DO NOT move a person who has a possible spine injury.
O DO NOT attempt to straighten a bone or change its position
unless blood circulation appears hampered.
O DO NOT test a bone's ability to move.
Injuries - Foreign Body in Eye
O Rinse the eye
O Run lukewarm tap water over the eye or splash the
eye with clean water.
O Rinsing the eye may wash out the offending foreign
body..
O Have the person blink several times.
O This movement may remove small particles of dust
or sand.
O Pull the upper eyelid over the lower eyelid.
O The lashes of the lower eyelid can brush the foreign
body from the undersurface of the upper eyelid.
O Don't allow the person to rub their eye after an injury.
O
This action can worsen a corneal abrasion.
Injuries –Head Trauma
If you think a severe head injury has
occurred….
O CALL 911
O Until medical help arrives, keep the person who
sustained the injury lying down and quiet, with the
head and shoulders slightly elevated if possible.
O DON’T MOVE AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON unless you
follow precautions for NECK AND SPINE INJURY!!
O If the person stops breathing, do mouth-to-mouth
rescue breathing if you know how! At this point, there
is no need to do chest compression if the person's
heart is still beating.
Injuries –Head Trauma
Dial 911 or call for emergency medical assistance
if any of the following signs are apparent:
O Severe head or facial bleeding
O Change in level of consciousness, even if
temporary
O Black-and-blue discoloration below the eyes or
behind the ears (Raccoon Eyes) after injury
O Cessation of breathing
O Confusion (CDC Concussion Palm Card)
O Loss of balance
O Weakness or an inability to use an arm or leg
Injuries – Heat Related Illnesses
O Heat emergencies fall into three categories of increasing
O
O
O
O
O
severity: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke
Heat illnesses are easily preventable by taking precautions in
hot weather.
Bring extra water to practice for kids who forget.
Children have a higher risk of developing heat illness. Even a
top athlete in superb condition can succumb to heat illness if
he or she ignores the warning signs.
If the problem isn't addressed, heat cramps (caused by loss
of salt from heavy sweating) can lead to heat exhaustion
(caused by dehydration), which can progress to heatstroke.
Heatstroke, the most serious of the three, can cause shock,
brain damage, organ failure, and even death.
Injuries – Heat Related Illnesses
CAUSES
SYMPTOMS
O High temperatures or
O Profuse sweating
humidity
O Dehydration
O Prolonged or excessive
exercise
O Medications
O Fatigue
O Thirst
O Muscle cramps
O Kids sometimes just
act tired or lazy!
Watch for this when
it starts to get hot.
Injuries – Heat Related Illnesses
HEAT EXHAUSTION
O Headache
HEAT STROKE
O The main sign of heatstroke
O Dizziness and light-
O
O
O
O
headedness
Weakness
Nausea and vomiting
Cool, moist skin
Dark urine
O
O
O
O
O
O
is a markedly elevated body
temperature
Rapid heartbeat
Rapid and shallow
breathing
Elevated or lowered blood
pressure
Cessation of sweating
Irritability, confusion or
unconsciousness
Fainting
Injuries – Heat Related Illnesses
O IF alert, give the person beverages to sip (such as
Gatorade), or make a salted drink by adding a
teaspoon of salt per quart of water. Give a half cup
every 15 minutes. Cool water will do if salt
beverages are not available.
O For muscle cramps, give beverages as above and
massage affected muscles gently, but firmly, until
they relax.
O If the person shows signs of shock (bluish lips and
fingernails and decreased alertness ), starts having
seizures, or loses consciousness, call 911 and
administer first aid accordingly
Injuries – Tooth Injury
O
O
O
O
O
O
Save any tooth for possible re-implantation.
Handle the tooth by the top only, not the roots.
Don't rub it or scrape it to remove dirt.
Gently rinse the tooth in a bowl of tap water.
Don't hold it under running water.
Try to replace the tooth in the socket.
O Then have the person bite down gently on moistened
gauze or a moistened tea bag to help keep it in place. DO
NOT try this if the injured person is at all sleepy or too
young to cooperate.
O If you can't replace your tooth in the socket, immediately
place it in a bag with a wet paper towel or cloth and take
to dentist. Milk is sometimes suggested to use to store
the tooth.
O This is an emergency and should have emergency
evaluation
Injuries – Nosebleed
O Have the person sit upright. By remaining upright, you reduce blood
O
O
O
O
O
pressure in the veins of the nose. This discourages further bleeding.
Pinch the nose. Use your thumb and index finger. Continue the pinch
for 5 or 10 minutes. This maneuver sends pressure to the bleeding
point on the nasal septum and often stops the flow of blood.
To prevent re-bleeding after bleeding has stopped, don't pick or blow
nose and don't bend down until several hours after the bleeding
episode. Keep head higher than the level of your heart.
If re-bleeding occurs, sniff in forcefully to clear your nose of blood
clots.
Pinch nose again in the technique described above and have person
contact their doctor.
Seek medical care immediately if:
OThe bleeding lasts for more than 15 to 30 minutes
OThe person feels weak or faint, which can result from the blood loss
OThe bleeding is rapid or if the amount of blood loss is great
OThe Bleeding begins by trickling down the back of the throat
Injuries – Commotio Cordis
O Commotio cordis - literally concussion of the heart
O A strike at the vulnerable time of the heart cycle, between beats, can
trigger an abnormal rhythm
O Can cause sudden cardiac death following a blunt impact to the
chest.
O Baseball, softball, or hockey puck or a collision between players, such
as in lacrosse, or karate
O Can be 84% fatal.
O The 16% of patients who survive a commotio cordis event have
three things in common:
1. Early recognition of the arrest
2. Treatment with CPR and early defibrillation
3. Survival rates drop to zero when interventions are delayed
Contents of First Aid Kit
O First Aid Prevention, Identification & Treatment
O
O
O
O
O
O
information flyers.
Injury Tracking Form & Injury Claim Form
CDC Concussion Reference Card
Ice packs
Ace Wraps, Athletic Tape, Assorted gauze pads
Please inform the safety officer if any of these
materials are used so they can be replaced.
If you don’t know how to use these materials,
please don’t use them.
In the Case of Injury
O Always tell parents what happened
O Always recommend to the parents that they
should get professional medical attention for
injuries –don’t pretend to know more than
you do
O Report injuries and events
O If you don’t know what to do, ask for help
O Don’t do things you are not fully trained to
do
Formal Training
Each team required to have at least one
Coach/Volunteer complete the following
training (~ 1hr):
CPR & First Aid
http://www.cprandfirstaid.net
Print webpage with score of CPR and First Aid Tests
Concussion
http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/headsup/online_training.html
Print certificate
Other Safety Issues
Child Safety
O All BLL Volunteers must be cleared by the Safety
Officer
O Submit Little League Volunteer Application
O First Advantage background check
O Never be alone with child
O Ask another parent to wait until last child is picked up
O Parents must approve of child’s release to adults other
than themselves
O Baby sitter
O Friends Parents
Weather Concerns
O Inclement weather
O League/Coaches decision prior to game
O Umpire decision after
first pitch
O Electrical Storm
O Game stops at sound of
thunder or flash of
lightning
Manager’s Safety Information
O Quick reference phone numbers
O Parents, Alternates
O Safety Officer 401-585-7450
O BOD POC List
O Medical Release Forms
O CDC Concussion Palm Card
O Lightning Safety Flyer
Questions ?
Thank you for your commitment to the children of
Barrington Little League. Please email [email protected] with any
questions.
Hal Prew
Coach/Volunteer of the Year
Award