Transcript Document

Vocabulary
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Fresco
Polis
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Phalanx
Helot
Democracy
Tyrant
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Legislature
Direct democracy
Logic
Rhetoric
Tragedy
Comedy
Hellenistic Age
Assassination
Assimilate
Heliocentric
Chapter Five
Ancient Greece
(1750 B.C. – 133 B.C.)
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Early People of the Aegean
* Minoans….1st Greeks
• Built a brilliant civilization
based on trade
• Based on the island of
Crete
• Disappeared around
1400BC reasons
unknown
Mycenaean
civilization
• *Dominated the Aegean world
from 1400 B.C. to 1200 B.C.
• Absorbed Minoan, Egyptian,
and Mesopotamian influences
• Passed on to later Greeks
• Best remembered
"Who on earth could blame the Trojan
for their part in the and
Achaean men-at-arms for suffering
so long for such a woman's sake?
Trojan War
Indeed, she is the very image of an
immortal goddess."
The Rise of Greek City-States
*Polis
• Separated from each other by
rugged mountains
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Greeks built many small city-states
Early government
• *Monarchy---A state ruled or headed
by a monarch
• *Aristocracy---Government by a
ruling class
• *Oligarchy---Government by a few
New method of fighting
“*Phalanx”
• Massive formation of armored foot
soldiers
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Required long hours of drill
• Gave citizen soldiers a sense of
unity
Hoplite
Summary
Summarize your notes using at least
four sentences
Two influential city-states
developed very different ways
of life
SPARTA
ATHENS
Sparta
became a
military
state with
a rigid
system of
rules
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*Spartan Society
Helots are state owned slaves
Military training
Age 7 put in boarding school
until age 30
Sickly infants were abandoned
Males over the age of 30
elected five Ephors
Athens
*Set up a limited democracy
Encouraged the exploration
of many areas of knowledge
*Results of the Persian Wars
The Greeks felt the gods favored their
superior form of government
The Peloponnesian Wars
458BC to 431BC
• Civil War Between Athens
and Sparta
• *Results
• Ended Athenian greatness
• Left a weakened Greece
open for conquest by an
outside force
The Age of Pericles 460 to
429BC
*Pericles Contributions to the Athenians
• All men regardless of wealth or social
status could vote
• Set up an assembly of 6000 to run
the government
• Direct democracy
• Encouraged an intellectual and
artistic flowering
Summary
Summarize your notes using at least
four sentences
Greek Philosophers
Socrates
(469-399 BC)
Plato
(427-347 BC)
Aristotle
(384-322 BC)
*Guided by a belief in reason Greek philosophers
developed ideas about government, morality, and the
purpose of life
Socrates
469-399 BC
* Encouraged people
to critically examine
their deepest beliefs
and ideas through
questions
Socrates held that, while all
opinions are equally true, one
opinion is better than another, and
that the “wise man” is one who by
his arguments causes good
opinions to take the place of bad
ones
"I know of nothing
except my own
ignorance."
"Let him who would
move the world, first
move himself."
Plato
(427-347 BC)
Plato argued that people could
• * Use rational thought to
discover unchanging ethical
values
• Recognize perfect beauty
• Learn how to organize an ideal
society
* Plato held that the perfect
society will occur only when
kings become philosophers or
philosophers are made kings
The School of Athens by Raphael
Aristotle
(384-322 BC)
* Aristotle promoted reason as
the guiding force for learning
Lectured on logic, physics, astronomy,
meteorology, zoology, metaphysics,
theology, psychology, politics,
economics, ethics, rhetoric, poetics
The majority of these subjects did not
exist as such before him, so that he
would have been the first to conceive of
and establish them, as systematic
disciplines.
“A king should take the advice of
true philosophers. Then he would
fill his reign with good deeds, not
The School of Athens by Raphael with good words”
Architecture and Art
The Parthenon, Athens
(448-432 BC)
TOUR
Summary
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four sentences
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Olympias was the orphaned daughter of
the king of Epirus and she was descended
from Aeacus, through Neoptolemus.
Aeacus was the legendary king of Aegina
and the grandfather of Achilles
Philip II of Macedonia
ruled from 359-336 B.C
*A God?
Philip's Kingdom
Alexander the Great
356-323 B.C
EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER
THE GREAT
Dividing the Empire
• *Ptolemy Lagus, Alexander's half brother
(Egypt and Palestine);
•Seleucus Nicator (Mesopotamia and Syria);
•Cassander (Macedonia and Greece);
•Antigonus (Asia Minor)
•Lysimachus (Thrace).
Alexander’s conquests
resulted in a *blending of
eastern and western cultures
that became known as
Hellenistic civilization.
Hellenistic Civilization
Math and science
• Pythagoras formula
• Euclid.…geometry
* Stoicsm
Avoid desires and
disappointments,
accept calmly
whatever life
brought
• Aristarchus....earth rotated on an axis
and orbited around the sun
• Eratosthenes ...calculated earth’s
circumference
• Archimedes ...physics...single
handedly pulled a ship on shore
• Hippocrates…oath
Summary
Summarize your notes using at least
four sentences
Coming soon to this Classroom “The Roman Empire