Transcript GREECE

The Geography of Greece
Bronze Age Greece
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Minoan Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Dorians
THE DARK AGES
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
ATHENS
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Early Athenian Lawgivers
$ Draco
“Draconian law”
$ Solon
Outlawed slavery, elite held office but all
could participate in assembly
$ Cleisthenes
Lottery for Council of 500-expanded groups
that could hold office
SPARTA
SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the
Spartans.
SPARTA
Athens vs. Sparta
Athens
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Government
Ideals
Education
Women
Social Distinctions
Sparta
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Government
Ideals
Education
Women
Social Distinctions
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars: Famous Battles
$ Marathon (490 BCE)
 26 miles from Athens
$ Thermopylae (480 BCE)
 300 Spartans at the
Mountain pass
$ Salamis (480 BCE)
 Athenian navy victorious
Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
Pericles’ Funeral Oration
Questions from reading
• 1 The year that Pericles gives his classic funeral speech is
431-430 B.C. What is going on at this time in Athens that
would have motivate him to give this type of speech?
• 2 What do you think is the purpose of the speech?
• 3 What does Pericles mean when he says: "For the
settlement of private disputes all are on an equal
footing...what matters is not rotation but merit.
• 4 What does Pericles mean when he says: "We are lovers of
beauty without extravagance, and of wisdom without softness."
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5 What does Pericles say about the value of wealth and the stigma
of poverty?
6 What do you feel is the purpose of the last paragraph?
7 How is the speech structured? What does this structure have to
do with the message?
Peloponnesian Wars
Macedonia Under Philip II
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Alexander the Great in Persia
The Hellenization of Asia
Pergamum: A Hellenistic City
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
Greek Art, Architecture and
Sculpture
• Pericles’ goal: to make Athens magnificent
therefore he spent most of the money from
the Delian League and used it to beautify
Athens.
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Parthenon
Phidias’ Acropolis
The Acropolis Today
The Agora
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
Olympia: Temple to Hera
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
DRAMA (tragedians):
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Aeschylus
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Sophocles
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Euripides
THE SCIENCES:
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Pythagoras
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Democritus  all matter made up of
small atoms.
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Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”
HISTORY
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Homer – NOT HISTORY
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Herodotus – first historian
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Thucydides – greatest historian
Great Athenian Philosophers
$ Socrates
 Know thyself!
 question everything
 only the pursuit of goodness
brings happiness.
$ Plato
 The Academy
 The world of the FORMS
 The Republic  philosopher-king
Great Athenian Philosophers
$ Aristotle
 The Lyceum
 “Golden Mean” [everything in
moderation].
 Logic.
 Scientific method.
Hellenistic Government
$ Direct Democracy
$ Written Code of Laws
$ Citizens have rights
$ Citizenship expands
Hellenistic Science, Math
and Technology
 Aristarchus  heliocentric
theory.
 Euclid  geometry
 Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Culture
$ Greek language
$ Mythology
$ Olympic Games
$ Philosophy – Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle, and…
Hellenistic Philosophers
$ Cynics  Diogenes
 ignore social conventions &
avoid luxuries.
 citizens of the world.
 live a humble, simple life.
$ Epicurians  Epicurus
 avoid pain & seek pleasure.
 all excess leads to pain!
 politics should be avoided.
Hellenistic Philosophers
$ Stoics  Zeno
 nature is the expansion of
divine will.
 concept of natural law.
 get involved in politics, not
for personal gain, but to
perform virtuous acts for the
good of all.
 true happiness is found in
great achievements.
Hellenistic Art
 More realistic; less ideal than
Hellenic art.
 Showed individual emotions,
wrinkles, and age!
 Sculpture – Greek physique
 Classical Architecture
 Drama and Poetry