Transcript Democracy and Greece`s Golden Age

Democracy and Greece’s
Golden Age
•Direct democracy
•Tragedy
•Comedy
•philosopher
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Led Athens for much of it s golden age
Age of Pericles – what were his 3 goals?
To strengthen Athenian democracy
Hold and strengthen the empire
Glorify Athens
How did want to strengthen Athenian
democracy – direct democracy
One of greatest architecture – the
Parthenon a Greek temple to honor
Athena
The Greeks also invented drama as an art
form and built the 1st theaters in the
West – tragedies and comedies
What are an example of each one?
Pericles’ Plan
for Athens
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As Athens grows in wealth & prestige other
Athenians &
Sparta go to War
city-states view it with hostility
• Peloponnesian War – Athens vs. Sparta
• Athens has better navy Sparta has a better army
• Sparta wins war when plague hits Athens
• Later Athens send a huge fleet do Sicily to
destroy the city-state of Syracuse (Spartan Ally)
• Fails Athens loses empire, power, & wealth
• Several great thinkers & philosophers
• Socrates – poisoned for corrupting the youth of
Athens
1. Plato – writes the Republic
2. Aristotle – teacher of Alexander the Great
Alexander’s Empire
Hellenistic
Philip Builds •Philip becomes king of Greek city-state of
Power
Macedonia
•He unites all of Greece under his rule
•Has a son becomes known as Alexander the Great
•Philip planned to invade Persia but is assassinated
& Alexander becomes king at 20 years old
•334 B.C. carries out his father’s plan to invade
Persia – Darius III king of Persia
•His army keeps defeating the Persian army time
after time
•Egypt welcomes Alexander – crown him Pharaoh
forms city of Alexandria
• Final defeat of the Persian comes at Gaugamela – Alexander
Defeat of the
has conquered the Persians
Persians
• He has become the unchallenged ruler of southwest Asia
• He keeps pushing his army across central Asia to the furthest
edge of the continent
• Alexander & his army reach India – defeat the Indian army
and keeps on marching
• They had been marching for 11 years and had marched more
then 11,000 miles army wanted to stop marching & Alexander
agrees – there he dies from fever 32 years old
• Macedonian general fight among them selves for control of his
empire – split into 3 different empires
1. Antigonus – Greece
2. Ptolemy – Egypt
3. Selecucus – Persian empire
• Alexander’s ambitions were cultural as well
as military and political
• The territory that was conquered by
Alexander adopted many Greek patterns &
customs that linked cities together
• However, each region had its own
traditional ways of life, religion, &
government
• This new culture was called Hellenistic
culture – Alexandria in Egypt was the
center
Hellenistic Culture
• Preserved Greek & Egyptian learning in sciences
Science & Technology
Astronomy – started to try and calculate the size of the
Sun & Earth
Mathematics & Physics – Euclid & Pythagorean in
geometry (A2 + B2 = C2) Archimedes accurately
estimated the value of pi (3.14)
Philosophy – Stoics proposed that people should live
virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or
natural laws the God established to run the
universe
- Epicureanism gods had no interest in
humans, main goal was to achieve harmony of body
& mind
Realism in Sculpture – Colossus of Rhodes, all sculptures
showed perfect body & face