Transcript Ancient Greece

1. Can you think of any examples of
Ancient Greece used in today’s popular
media? (TV, Movies, Etc…)
2. What are some famous Greek names
that you have heard of?
3. What about in other subjects in school?
Are there any visible contributions of
Greek culture?
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The physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the
economic, social, and political development of Greek
civilization.
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The expansion of Greek civilization through trade and
colonization led to the spread of Greek culture across the
Mediterranean and Black seas.
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Greek mythology was based on a polytheistic religion that
was integral to culture, politics, and art in ancient Greece.
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Many of Western civilization’s symbols, metaphors, words,
and idealized images come from ancient Greek
mythology.
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Aegean Sea
Balkan Peninsula
Peloponnesus
Asia Minor
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Dardanelles
Athens, Sparta, Troy
Macedonia
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Plato (c.429-327 BC) - He was a brilliant student of Socrates and later carried on
his work. He gathered Socrates' ideas and wrote them down in a book. Plato
founded the world's first university. He wrote down his teachings and people all
over the world, even today, study the Greek philosophers
Aristotle (382-322 BC) - discovered many things in science and biology. He wrote
books about physics, poetry, zoology, biology, politics, governments, and more.
His father was the personal physician of the King of Macedonia.
Parmenides - watched an eclipse of the Moon in about 470 BC, and noticed that
the Earth's shadow was curved. He worked out that if the shadow was curved,
then the Earth must be round.
Archimedes - was a mathematician and an engineer. He designed a machine,
called the Archimedean screw, which could make water flow uphill. His design has
been used for almost 2,000 years, to take water from rivers to the fields.
Pythagoras - was a mathematician. Pythagoras' theorem on right triangles.
Alexander the Great - Alexander the Great was born in 356 B.C. in Pella,
Macedonia, the son of Philip of Macedon, who was an excellent general and
organizer. He was called 'the Great' because he conquered more lands than
anyone before him and became the overall ruler of Greece.
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Think of what you know and what you’ve
seen today…
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Can you think of a song or movie
soundtrack that could be used as a theme
for Ancient Greece?
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What kinds of contributions did Greece
make to modern society?
 How does physical geography
affect the lives of people today?
 Example:
Bodies of Water,
Mountains, Islands, Plains, etc…
How did mythology help
the early Greek civilization
explain the natural world
and the human condition?
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Polytheistic Religion
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Offered explanations of natural phenomena, human
qualities, and life events
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Greek Gods and Goddesses often played tricks on each other
and had human characteristics and personalities.
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Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena,
Aphrodite
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Symbols and images in Western literature,
art, and architecture
God of justice
and mercy,
protector of
the weak,
punisher of
the wicked.
Supreme
Goddess,
goddess of
marriage and
childbirth and
takes special
care of married
women.
The god of
healing who
taught man
medicine. God
of light, music,
& truth
Goddess of
the hunt,
the moon,
and
the natural
environment
Goddess of
reason,
intelligence, art,
literature,
and War
Goddess of love
and beauty
 How did Ancient Greek Gods and
Goddesses provide explanations
of human existence and the
natural world?
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Provide examples!
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http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12170ancient-civilizations-greek-mythologyvideo.htm
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What TWO things do Greek Myths try to
explain?
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Classical Athens developed
the most democratic
system of government the
world had ever seen,
although not everyone
could participate in decision
making. It became a
foundation of modern
democracies.
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Citizens had political rights and the
responsibility of civic participation in
government.
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Who is a citizen?
 FREE
 ADULT
 MALE
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Women and foreigners had no political rights.
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Slaves had no political rights.
A city-state is an
independent
country whose
territory consists
of a city which is
not administered
as part of another
government.
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Stages in the evolution of Athenian government:
monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, democracy
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Tyrants who worked for reform: Draco, Solon
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Draco:
Solon:
Origin of democratic principles: Direct democracy,
public debate, duties of the citizen
How did democracy
develop in Athens?
▪ There are 4 stages
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Refer to your handouts from last class.
 Think of any quiz questions
you want answered!
 Anything you want
reviewed?
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A series of conflicts between the
Empire of Persia and city-states of
the Hellenic world that started in 499
BCE and lasted until 450 BCE.
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Happened outside of Athens
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Athens’ victory was overwhelming: 6,400 Persians but
only 192 Athenians died
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Messenger ran about 25 mi (40 km) back to Athens,
where he announced the victory before dying of
exhaustion
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In another version, an Athenian runner was sent to
Sparta before the battle to ask for help, running 150
miles in two days; Sparta refused
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Name the Persian Wars battle we discussed last
class.
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What were the results?
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Why is it important today?
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What were its long-term effects for the Greeks?
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Who was the Greek general we saw in the video?
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Battle in northern Greece (480 BC) in the Persian
Wars. The Greek forces, mostly Spartan, were led
by Leonidas. After three days of holding their
own against the Persian king Xerxes I and his vast
southward-advancing army, the Greeks were
betrayed, and the Persians were able to outflank
them. Sending the main army in retreat, Leonidas
and a small contingent remained behind to resist
the advance and were killed to the last man.
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The Greek fleet of some 370 ships, under the
command of Themistocles, lured the Persian
fleet of about 800 ships into the narrow strait
between the island of Salamis and the Athenian
port of Piraeus.
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Athens sank about 300 Persian vessels while
losing only about 40 of their own.
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As a result of this battle, Xerxes had to postpone
his planned land offensive, giving the Greek citystates time to unite against him.
Why are the Persian
Wars important?
 1. Persian wars united
Athens and Sparta
against the Persian
Empire.
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Why are the Persian Wars important?
 2. Athenian victories over the Persians at
Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of
the Aegean Sea.
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Why are the Persian Wars important?
 3. Athens preserved its independence and
continued innovations in government and culture.
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Name the 3 battles of the Persian Wars that we have
covered.
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What were the outcomes of those battles—Who Won?
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How many Persian Wars were there?
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Why are the Persian Wars so important to human
society today? What’s the BIG picture?
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Mountains both helped and
hindered the development of
city-states
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Greek cities were designed to
promote civic and
commercial life
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Colonization was prompted
by overpopulation and the
search for arable land
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Agriculture (limited arable land)
Commerce and the spread of Hellenic culture
Shift from barter to money economy (coins)
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What is a “Golden Age”?
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What happened to Themistocles after the Persian
Wars?
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Which city-state is in control of the Mediterranean
world?
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Who is the next major leader of Athens and what
was his major achievement?
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Time between the Persian and the
Peloponnesian Wars
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Pericles extended democracy;
most adult males had an equal
voice.
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Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction
in the Persian Wars; the Parthenon is an
example of this reconstruction.
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Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles
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Poetry: Homer
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History: Herodotus, Thucydides
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Sculpture: Phidias
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Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates
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Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras
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Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
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Tyrants who worked for reform: Draco, Solon
Draco:
Solon:
Origin of democratic principles: Direct democracy,
public debate, duties of the citizen
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Oligarchy
(rule by a
small
group)
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Rigid social
structure
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Military
society
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Attempt to answer the following questions.
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Drama: What are the two main genres of Plays/Movies?
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Literature: Homer’s “Iliad” and “Odyssey” are examples of what kind of
literature?
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History: The “Father of History”, Herodotus, is sometimes known for mixing
____________ into his historical writings.
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Art: Besides drawings and paintings, how do we know what the ancient Greeks
looked like?
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Architecture: What kind of Columns are on the front of LCHS?
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Science: How do we know that the Earth is a Spheroid?
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Mathematics: (A*A + B*B = C*C) Explains the dimensions of what geometric
shape?
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Philosophy: Why are you here? / How did you get here?/ How do you know?
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Caused by competition for control of the
Greek world:
 Athens and the Delian League
vs
Sparta and the Peloponnesian League
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Results:
 Slowed cultural advance
 Weakened political power
Born: 356 B.C.E.
Died: 323 B.C.E.
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Greece is responsible for inventing and innovating
many of the things we use today—math, history,
architecture, art, literature, drama, philosophy,
science, and many others.
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Today, we will explore and explain how these
inventions and innovations developed, who
developed them, and provide examples of how
they shape our world today.
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Choose 2 people from the list on the Next Slide.
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Answer the questions associated with your chosen
area.
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Give some background information that applies to
your specific topic.
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Add some additional information of interest.
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Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles
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Poetry: Homer
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History: Herodotus, Thucydides
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Sculpture: Phidias
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Architecture: Types of columns: (Doric, Ionic, and
Corinthian)
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Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates
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Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras
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Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
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Explain how and why Greece declined.
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Who will take advantage of this decline of the
city-states?
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What kingdom will grow to take over all of
Greece?
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You have the names and the fields of study,
now talk to others in the class to find famous
works by each of the people on the sheet.
Born: 356 B.C.E.
Died: 323 B.C.E.
Alexander the Great
356-323 B.C.E.
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Alexander the Great in Persia
Greek Cities in the East
Trade in the Hellenistic World
Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)
The “Known” World – 3c B.C.E.
Division of Alexander’s Empire
GREECE
IS
DONE, BUT
NOT GONE!
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Themistocles
Darius of Persia
Xerxes of Persia
Pericles
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Homer
Herodotus
Thucydides
Phidias
Archimedes
Hippocrates
Euclid
Pythagoras
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Philip II of Macedon
Alexander the Great