Transcript The Ancient Greeks 1700

The Ancient Greeks
1750-133 B.C.
Chapter 4
Section 1
Early People of the Aegean
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The Geography of Greece
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Minoan Civilization
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Extends to Mediterranean, includes islands along the
Aegean Sea
Rugged and mountainous
Island of Crete, 2600 B.C.
Sea Trade
Declined about 1450 B.C.
Mycenaean Civilization
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Southern Greece
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Mycenae and Thebes
1300 B.C. and Empire is formed around the Aegean
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Trojan War
Causes
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Homer
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The Iliad and the Odyssey
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Section 2
The Rise of Greek City-States
Polis
Acropolis
Types of Government
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Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Sparta
 Southern Peninsula of Greece
 Spartan legacy
Athens
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Written Laws
Solon’s Reforms
 Social and Economic
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Religion – polytheism
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Mt. Olympus
Gods
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Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Ares, Apollo, Athena
Olympic Games
Section 3
Conflict in the Greek World
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Persian Wars
Threat from the Persians
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Battle of Marathon
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490 B.C. – Phidippides
Battle of Thermopylae
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Darius I and Xerxes
Xerxes
300 Spartans and 700 Greeks
Thermopylae falls in 480 B.C.
The end of the wars
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Battle of Salamis and Plataea
The Delian League
Formal alliance with 150 other city-states
Athenian Empire
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The Golden Age of Athenian Democracy
Pericles
Democratic Reforms
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Education
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Reading, Arithmetic, Music
The Status of Women
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Direct democracy
The Assembly - Juries
Freedom of Speech
Ostracism
Inferior to men
Slaves
Daily Life
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Farming
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The Peloponnesian War
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Alliances formed
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431 B.C. Sparta invades
Athens
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Delian League &
Peloponnesian League
Pericles brings Athenians
into the walls of the city
Disease strikes, Pericles dies
Athens surrenders in 404
B.C.
Section 4
The Glory that was Greece
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Classical Civilization
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A style of art and thought which
emphasizes order and simplicity
Art and Architecture
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Painters and sculptors
Parthenon – greatest remaining
example of classic Greek
architecture
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Literature
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Written History
Herodotus – Persian Wars
 Thucydides – Peloponnesian Wars
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Poetry
Homer’s Epics
 Poetry as tributes
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Drama
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Developed from poetry recitals
Tragedies of gods and heroes
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Sophocles – Antigone and Oedipus Rex
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Science and Philosophy
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Philosophy – Natural Laws
Thales – water is a basic element of nature
Pythagoras – universe was arranged in
accordance with mathematical laws
Democritus – nature made of tiny atoms
Hippocrates – studies of medicine and
illnesses
The Sophists – teachers, criticized by
Athenians
Socrates – Socratic Method
Plato – Recorded much of Socrates’ ideas
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The Republic and the Apology
Aristotle – student of Plato, founder of Biology
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Books of Philosophy
Section 5
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
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The Rise of Macedonia
King Philip
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Builds strong army
338 B.C. – Breaks the Greek alliance, ending
independence
Alexander the Great
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Phillip assassinated in 336 B.C., Alexander becomes
new king
Conquers: Greek colonies, Persian Empire, Phoenicia,
Egypt, Mesopotamia
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Between 334 and 326 B.C. – Alexander never lost a battle
Dies of illness in 323 B.C.
Empire splits
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The Hellenistic Age
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Alexander’s legacy – spread
Greek culture
Hellenistic Age – 200 years of
Greek dominance in the
Mediterranean
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Alexandria – Library at Alexandria
Science
Euclid – Geometry
 Aristarchus – the planets revolve
around the sun
 Archimedes – pulley system
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Questions