Transcript diabetes mellitus

Miss Brawley
Finish
creating notecards for the
diseases/disorders we have covered
• This includes Diabetes! (one card for
Type 1, one card for Type 2)
Add
diabetes to your chart! 
discern what the information is from
your notes! We will cover treatment
and prevention in class
Get parent contact info from some**
text @cec8k to 81010
 Diseases/Disorders:
• Cancer (general)
 Skin (melanoma)- Kayla
 Leukemia- Skylar and Ty
 Breast, prostate, or ovarian cancer- Tony and Diamond
• Dementia- Victoria and Jakiya
• Heart disease- Ray and Graci
• Tuberculosis- Coleman
• Hepatitis- Savannah and Summer
• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)-
Brandon and Latavia
• Kidney Disease- Abdul and Julie
• Arthritis- Christian and Zach
• Ulcers (stomach)- Da’Riana
Endocrine
 Diabetes
• Mellitus
 Type 1
 Type 2
 Gestational
• Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus are
unrelated, although both conditions cause
frequent urination and constant thirst.
 Type
1 (“Juvenile”)
• Pancreas does not produce insulin, which takes
up the sugar from your blood for energy
• Result = high blood glucose/ blood sugar
 Type
1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in
children and young adults, and was
previously known as juvenile diabetes.
Only 5% of people with diabetes have
this form of the disease.
 Type
2
• The body does not use insulin properly. This is called
insulin resistance. At first, your pancreas makes extra
insulin to make up for it. But, over time it isn't able to
keep up and can't make enough insulin to keep your
blood glucose at normal levels.
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Usually a combination of things cause type 2 diabetes,
including:
• Genes. Scientists have found different bits of DNA that affect how your
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body makes insulin.
Extra weight. Being overweight or obese can cause insulin resistance,
especially if you carry your extra pounds around the middle.
Metabolic Syndrome: People with insulin resistance often have a
group of conditions including high blood glucose, extra fat around the
waist, high blood pressure.
Too much glucose from your liver. When your blood sugar is low,
your liver makes and sends out glucose. After you eat, your blood
sugar goes up, and usually the liver will slow down and store its
glucose for later. But some people's livers don't. They keep cranking
out sugar.
Bad communication between cells. Sometimes cells send the wrong
signals or don't pick up messages correctly. When these problems
affect how your cells make and use insulin or glucose, a chain reaction
can lead to diabetes.
Broken beta cells. If the cells that make the insulin send out the
wrong amount of insulin at the wrong time, your blood sugar gets
thrown off. High blood glucose can damage these cells, too.
 Risk
Factors of Type 2
• Being overweight or obese, leading a sedentary
lifestyle, a family history of diabetes,
hypertension (high BP), low levels of the “good”
cholesterol (HDL) and elevated levels of
triglycerides in the blood
 Gestational
• During pregnancy – usually around the 24th
week – many women develop gestational
diabetes. A diagnosis of gestational diabetes
doesn't mean that you had diabetes before you
conceived, or that you will have diabetes after
giving birth. But it's important to follow your
doctor's advice regarding blood
glucose (blood sugar) levels while you're
planning your pregnancy, so you and your baby
both remain healthy.
 Symptoms
• Increased urine output
• Hunger
• Glucosuria
• Fatigue  why?
• Excessive thirst
• Skin problems
• Weight loss
• Slow healing wounds
• Yeast infections
• Tingling or numbness in the feet or toes
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When glucose becomes hyper-concentrated in your bloodstream, usually about
200mg/dL – though this number varies from person to person, your kidney loses
the ability to reuptake (pull out) glucose from water.
Under normal circumstances, almost all glucose is pulled out of urine and back into
the body (as is most of the water, though this depends on how hydrated you are).
Since the body can no longer pull glucose out from water in your kidneys, the
osmotic pressure (the pressure that builds between a liquid with a high
concentration of of solutes and a liquid with a low concentration) builds up.
Eventually, it gets so high that water can no longer be absorbed back into your
bloodstream, and is in fact being absorbed OUT of your bloodstream.
 Treatment:
• Insulin pump
• Insulin shots
• Pancreas transplants
• Weight loss, exercise (Type 2)
• Diabetes
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Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs
when a person's kidneys pass an abnormally large
volume of urine that is insipid—dilute and odorless.
In most people, the kidneys pass about 1 to 2 quarts
of urine a day. In people with diabetes insipidus, the
kidneys can pass 3 to 20 quarts of urine a day. As a
result, a person with diabetes insipidus may feel the
need to drink large amounts of liquids.
People with diabetes insipidus have normal blood
glucose levels; however, their kidneys cannot
balance fluid in the body.
 Causes
• Diabetes insipidus occurs when your body can't
regulate how it handles fluids. Normally, your
kidneys remove excess body fluids from your
bloodstream. This fluid waste is temporarily stored in
your bladder as urine, before you urinate
 Symptoms
• Extreme thirst
• Excretion of an excessive amount of diluted urine
 Treatment
• Depending on the form of the disorder, treatments
might include hormone therapy, a low-salt diet, or
drinking more water.
Cardiovascular
 Stroke
 Heart
(blood flow)
disease
• A stroke is a "brain attack". It can happen to anyone at any
time. It occurs when blood flow to an area of brain is cut
off. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of
oxygen and begin to die. When brain cells die during a
stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain such
as memory and muscle control are lost.
• How a person is affected by their stroke depends on
where the stroke occurs in the brain and how much the
brain is damaged. For example, someone who had a small
stroke may only have minor problems such as temporary
weakness of an arm or leg. People who have larger
strokes may be permanently paralyzed on one side of
their body or lose their ability to speak. Some people
recover completely from strokes, but more than 2/3 of
survivors will have some type of disability.
 Two Types
• Hemorrhage Stroke
 A brain aneurysm burst or a weakened blood vessel
leak (hemorrhagic). While the least common of the
two types of stroke it most often results in death.
• Ischemic Stroke
 A blood vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked
by a blood clot (ischemic)
 Quick
Facts
• Each year nearly 800,000 people experience a
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new or recurrent stroke.
A stroke happens every 40 seconds.
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the
U.S.
Every 4 minutes someone dies from stroke.
Up to 80 percent of strokes can be prevented.
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in
the U.S.
 Prevention
• Physical Exercise
• Smoking Cessation
 Nicotine causes your blood vessels to narrow, increases
your heart rate and raises your blood pressure.
 Treatment
• Early treatment with medications like clot busters
and blood thinners can minimize brain damage.
Other treatments focus on limiting complications and
preventing additional strokes.
 Therapy
• Speech therapy, Rehabilitation, Occupational
therapy, Stroke rehabiliation, and Physical therapy
Digestive
 Hepatitis
(liver)
 Stomach
Ulcer
Lymphatic / Immune
 Leukemia
Musculoskeletal
 Arthritis
• Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain
and stiffness that can worsen with age.
 Skin
cancer- melanoma
Nervous
 Dementia
(Brain)
• Alzheimer’s
Urinary
 Kidney
Disease
Respiratory
 Tuberculosis
 Chronic
(COPD)
(lungs)
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Reproductive
 Breast, prostate, ovarian
cancer
“Doctor” leaves the room
“Patients” decide what disease/disorder they
ALL have
 Doctor must figure out what is wrong  he/she
can ask anyone a question (it has to be someone
different each time)
 Patients do not tell doctor what their disease is or
give any hints  act like a REAL patient and
answer the questions accordingly
 The person who guesses the disease/disorder in
the least amount of questions wins!
 Each guess counts as a “question” unless
guessed correctly
 Only one guess can be made after each question

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 Do
you feel pain in your chest?
 Have
you experienced any nausea or
vomiting?
 Do
you smoke?
 Do
you get short of breath?
 NOT ACCEPTABLE:
• What are your symptoms?
• Tell me about how you are feeling.