Socialization - Gulfport School District
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Transcript Socialization - Gulfport School District
What is it?
How do we learn
what we learn?
How we learn to be part of
a group or society
The lifelong social
experience through which
individuals develop their
personality and learn
culture.
Primary socialization is the
learning we experience from the
people who raise us.
Physical needs must be met to thrive
(food, clothing, and shelter)
Caregivers must teach norms, values,
and language.
Inadequate primary socialization can
lead to troubled adulthood
Nature = Heredity/Genetics
Nurture = How the child is raised
Parents pass down characteristics
(Genetics)
Birth Order affects perspective and
personality (First born vs Middle vs
Baby)
Parental Characteristics (Old vs
Young parents)
Cultural Characteristics (Cultures
tend to produce unique
personalities)
Nature
vs
Nurture
Nature states that Darth Vader was just born
evil.
Nurture states that Darth Vader learned to be
evil.
Darth Vader
Loss of mother
Loss of home
Social Isolation
Loss of Wife and kids
Disfigurement
Anakin Skywalker
Good home
Jedi Powers
Friends
Hobbies
Family
Steady Employment
What caused him to turn evil? Was it the terrible things that
happened to him or was it in his nature all along?
Researchers have theories
about personality development
Despite differences
and criticisms they
shape sociological
thought it different
ways
English philosopher
and political theorist
during the late 1600s
Proposed the idea of
Tabula Rasa “Blank
Slate”
We are born without
personality
Experience creates our
personality
Sigmund Freud – biological and
sociological factors combine to
shape personality
Id: primitive desires
Selfish
Superego: social conformity
Conscience
Ego: resolves the conflicts
Decision maker
George Herbert Mead - people
develop self-images through
interactions
Self is the product of social experience.
We see ourselves as others see us
We also take on roles of others by
imitation, role playing, games, etc
Mead - the key to self-development is
understanding the role of the other
person(s)
Charles Horton Cooley - personality
develops through interactions with others
looking-glass self - a self-image that is
based on how we imagine others see us
Based on “imagination” – can be false or
true
Significant other - ANYONE
whose opinions matter to us
and influence our thinking,
about ourselves.
Not just romantic
Jean Piaget – the way children think changes as
they mature physically and interact with the world
Piaget’s Four Periods of Development:
Stage 1: Sensorimotor Period (birth -2 years):
children learn by using their senses and moving
around.
Stage 2: Preoperational Period (2-7 years):
children keep getting better at symbolic thought,
but can’t yet reason.
Stage 3: Concrete Operational Period (7-11 years):
children start performing mental operations or
working real or tangible problems and ideas
through in their minds.
Stage 4: Formal Operational Period (11+ years):
children apply mental operations to abstract
concepts or they start to think in abstract,
systematic, and logical ways.
Each of the theories of development has
flaws.
Freud’s theories have always been seen as
very male-centered.
Piaget’s theory is useful, but not all people
reach the formal operational stage.
How are personalities formed?
How much does nature/nurture affect your
personality?
Agents of socialization - People, groups, and
experiences that influence our behavior and
self-image
Family is the agent of socialization with the
most impact
Birth-Teenagers – children rely on parents or
caregivers for basic necessities, nurturing,
and guidance
Determines race, language, religion, class,
and political affiliation
School introduces children to new knowledge,
order, bureaucracy, and students from family
backgrounds different from their own
Peer Groups – usually the same age and have
interests and social position in common
Children break from their parents’ and learn to
make friends and decisions on their own
Peer pressure can be difficult to resist
Mass Media – communication that directs
messages and entertainment at a wide audience
Newspapers, magazines, television, radio, the
internet, and movies are all forms of mass media
Profoundly influence children
Stereotypes, explicit images, and unrealistic or
even unhealthy beauty standards shape the way
children think about themselves and their world
Agents of socialization can teach
conflicting lessons
Family teaches children to respect
their elders
Friends teach that respecting adults is
not cool
Read the handout about Isolated Children,
Isolated Monkeys, and Institutionalized
Children and answer the following
questions on the back of that paper.
1. How important is primary socialization
to an individual?
2. How important is primary socialization
to a society?
3. Looking back, what had the most
impact on your development as a child?
Primary socialization is received in
childhood
Resocialization - learning new norms and
values when joining a new group or when
life circumstances change
Enables people to adapt
Newly learned things may contradict what
previously learned things
Examples?
Retirement – What do I do now?
College – What do I do now?
Divorce – Free and single again!?!
Death of a friend or spouse – How do I
move on?
Anticipatory Socialization
• The groups we wish to belong to
may guide our actions, beliefs
and values.
• By acting like “them” we seek
acceptance into their group.
Sociologists generally divide a
person’s life into five stages:
childhood, adolescence,
adulthood, old age, and dying
Socially constructed
different societies apply
different definitions and
assumptions to each stage
We are taught to think for ourselves and
make decisions
A total institution is an organization or
setting that has the following characteristics:
Residents are not free to leave
All actions are determined and monitored
by authority figures
Individuality is discouraged
Examples
prisons
mental hospitals
military
In these total institutions, part of the
resocialization process includes the loss of
some decision-making freedom
Expected attitudes and behaviors for boys
and girls are different
A gender role is a set of behaviors, attitudes,
and personality characteristics expected and
encouraged of a person based on his or her
sex.
Influence of Biology?
Experts disagree on Nature v Nurture
Boys and girls process language differently.
Boys use half, girls use whole brain.
Girls tend to learn to speak and read
earlier than boys
Influence of Family?
Families will socialize their babies in
culturally appropriate ways
Boys wear blue, girls wear pink
G.I. Joes vs Barbies
Influence in Education?
Traditional expectations continue in school
Boys got more attention in the past, girls
dominate now
Current methods favor girls’ learning styles
now, boys more likely to struggle
Young boys are more active than girls –
Get in trouble more
Meet the Parents (2000) – Ben Stiller gets laughs
by being a male nurse
Why is this funny?
We laugh because nurses are a “female”
profession
Girls will be steered towards “girl” jobs and vice
versa
What are some “girl” and “boy” jobs?
Example:
Women in traditionally male jobs can hit a glass
ceiling keeping them from reaching promotions
Men in traditionally female jobs are viewed as
more qualified than women and benefit from a
glass escalator promoting them more quickly
than women