Transcript What is Communication (2)

Communication
The Art of Interacting with
others
Forms of Communication
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Cathy would like to describe her
graduation ceremony to her aunt who
lives in Australia. Think of two ways in
which she could do this
After the graduation, Cathy wants to
describe to her brother how some of the
girls walked up to collect their certificate.
What do you think she would do?
Forms of Communication
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Verbal
• Requires words
• May be speech or writing
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Conversation
• Face-to-face
• Telephone
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Letter
Email
Text message
Fax
Messenger/chat
Forms of Communication
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Non-Verbal
• Relies on elements other than speech or writing
• Is just as important as non-verbal communication
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Body language (gestures, posture, facial expression)
Use of space
Use of objects
Dress
Graphics (charts, tables, diagrams)
Integrating forms for specific purposes (role play,
simulation)
FORM and CONTEXT
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The specific FORM of communication
is, or should be, intimately related to
the CONTEXT in which it is used
One element of our COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCE is our ability to get our
message across accurately
Contexts of Communication
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In order to evaluate the
appropriateness or effectiveness of a
communication act, we must first
understand its context.
Communication does not occur in a
vacuum. It occurs within a CONTEXT
The circumstances of a
communicative act are referred to as
the CONTEXT of communication
Contexts of Communication
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You have to give a speech in each of the
following situations. Consider the
adjustments that you would have to make
to your presentation
• To a panel of interviewers where you are
applying for a job
• To a group of standard two students in their
assembly hall
• To an oral examiner in a small examination
room
• To a group of persons opposing your ideas
• On national television
• On radio
Contexts of Communication
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Who is present, or who is being
addressed. What do you need to consider
here?
The general attitude of your audience.
Why is this important?
Where the communication takes
place. What are the factors that should
influence your communicative decisions?
Contexts of Communication
Context may be
 FORMAL
• Certain societal norms are evident and
there are perceived patterns of
behaviour
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NON-FORMAL/INFORMAL
• Individuals or groups are not
constrained by specified ways in which
communication would normally take
place
Contexts of Communication
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Intrapersonal- Thinking, solving
problems, imagining/imaging
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Interpersonal – interviews,
conversations, intimate
communication
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Small group – leadership meeting,
brain-storming, prayer meeting
Contexts of Communication
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Organizational – business,
government, official purposes,
educational
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Academic – essay, research paper,
doctoral thesis
Public – speeches, debates
 Intercultural – communicating
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across social sub-group, in tourism
Contexts of Communication
Match the scenarios with the most appropriate form of
verbal communication
Form of Communication
A. A written notice/poster
B. A skit
C. A written note
D. A television/radio address
E. A telephone call
F. A short talk