Transcript lec2-multiple intelli..

Multiple
Intelligences
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The 3 Domains of Intelligence
Ron Riggio, Ph.D.
Kravis Leadership Institute
Claremont McKenna College
Verbal Intelligence
Social Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
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There are individual differences in people’s
abilities to communicate nonverbally
• Some people are better at expressing
emotions (either spontaneously, or posing
them)
• Some people are better at “decoding”
emotions and feelings
• Skill in nonverbal communication is the
core of “emotional intelligence”
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Nonverbal Communication is Important to
Emotional Intelligence
• Nonverbal Communication is broad and includes:
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Facial expressions
Gestures
Body movement
Posture
Tone of Voice
Rhythm and Rate of Speech
Eye contact/Gaze
Gait
Touch
Olfaction
Grooming & Mode of Dress
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Nonverbal Communication
• Eye contact
 Make sure to look at everyone while
you are speaking.
 Eye contact helps the audience to
listen more effectively.
 It makes each member of the
audience feel special.
 It helps you to read your listeners’
nonverbal messages to you.
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Nonverbal Communication
• Body Actions
 They help to work off nervous
energy.
 They help to emphasize a point.
 Have natural movement.
 You can monitor the effectiveness of
your message by watching the body
language of your audience.
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Nonverbal Communication
• Gestures
 Facial expressions and hand gestures
add life to a presentation.
 Gestures let your audience know the
importance of the topic and how you
feel about it.
 Try not to overdo the same gestures,
as this can be distracting.
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Nonverbal Communication
• Tone
Tone is the quality and manner of
expression.
 It should be upbeat and friendly
and yet concerned.
 Use a tone that exudes authority.
 Vary the tone of your voice.
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Verbal Delivery
• Pitch
 Pitch is the variety of high and low
sounds in your voice.
 Try to vary your pitch, depending on
what point you are trying to make.
 Try not to raise the pitch at the end
of sentences.
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Verbal Delivery
• Rate
 Rate is the speed of what you say.
 Try to talk about 100 words per
minute.
 Pause during main ideas to create
time for your listeners to process
the information and to organize
your thoughts.
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Verbal Delivery
• Force
 Force is the loudness or
softness of the words that you
say.
 Speak to be heard, but not too
loudly.
 Adjust the level of your voice in
case of barriers (noises) and to
emphasize key concepts.
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Verbal Delivery
• Articulation
 Articulation is the act of vocal
expression, utterance or
enunciation.
 Speak clearly and distinctively.
 Pronounce words correctly.
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Emotional Intelligence
• Identifying Emotions - Ability to identify, or
“read” the emotional messages of others.
• Using Emotions to Facilitate Thinking Emotions help us to inform our decisions by
considering the consequences for ourselves and
others.
• Understanding Emotions - Involves knowledge
about emotions and emotional processes,
including understanding our own emotions.
• Managing Emotions - Ability to regulate and
control our own emotions and the emotions of
others.
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How Emotional Intelligence Impacts
Leadership
• Goleman and McClelland claim that
emotional intelligence leads to improved
(20% better) managerial performance
• Mayer finds that emotionally intelligent
workers have better customer service
ratings.
• Riggio, Murphy, and associates suggest
that social intelligence is more important
than emotional intelligence for most
leaders
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Social Intelligence
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Understanding social situations
Understanding and managing people
Knowledge of social rules and conventions
Ability to act wisely and tactfully in social
situations
• Social intelligence is learned through
experience with different people in a
variety of social situations
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How Social Intelligence Impacts Leadership
• Verbal skills (although correlated with IQ) are
important for successful leaders
• Sternberg finds that job-specific tacit knowledge
is important for performance of leaders and
professionals
• Hogan & Hogan emphasize the importance of
both social and political skills for leaders
(sociopolitical intelligence)
• Offermann emphasizes leaders’ cultural
intelligence
• Impression management skills are also critical
components of successful leadership
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An Emotional and Social Skill Approach to
Multiple Intelligences
Nonverbal/Emotional
Skills
• Emotional Expressivity
• Emotional Sensitivity
• Emotional Control
Verbal/Social Skills
• Social Expressivity
• Social Sensitivity
• Social Control
Connections to Social Intelligence
Connections to Emotional
Intelligence
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Nonverbal/Emotional Skills
• Emotional Expressivity is skill in sending (encoding)
nonverbal and emotional messages. Persons high in EE
are spontaneously expressive, animated, and often
referred to as “charismatic.”
• Emotional Sensitivity is skill in receiving (decoding)
emotional and nonverbal messages. Persons high in ES
are emotionally empathic, observant, and responsive to
others’ feelings, but may be susceptible to “emotional
contagion.”
• Emotional Control is skill in regulating and controlling
the expression of emotional messages. Persons high in
EC seem emotionally “distant,” but are able to mask felt
emotional states with a different emotional expression
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Verbal/Social Skills
• Social Expressivity is verbal speaking skill
and the ability to engage others in
conversation. SE is related to being outgoing
and extraverted.
• Social Sensitivity is verbal decoding skill
(listening ability), but also involves one’s
knowledge of social rules and conventions. In
extremes, SS can lead to social anxiety and
withdrawal.
• Social Control is a sophisticated social roleplaying skill. SC is related to being tactful and
“socially competent.” It is what people refer to
as “savoir-faire.”
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References & Resources
• Multiple Intelligences and Leadership Riggio,
Murphy, & Pirozzolo (Eds.). Lawrence Erlbaum
Publishers (www.erlbaum.com)
• Social Skills Inventory (www.mindgarden.com)
• Leadership Development in Balance, Bruce Avolio,
(Erlbaum).
• The Future of Leadership Development, Murphy &
Riggio (Eds.), Erlbaum
• Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.) Bass &
Riggio (Erlbaum)
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