Transcript Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship

Lesson 2
• Project Management - Basics
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Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Sense of Initiative and
Entrepreneurship
• Project Management
– Project management is the discipline of
planning, organizing, and managing resources
to bring about the successful completion of
specific project goals and objectives. The
temporary nature of projects stands in contrast
to business as usual (or operations), which are
repetitive, permanent or semi-permanent
functional work to produce products or
services. The primary challenge of project
management is to achieve all of the project
goals and objectives. Typical constraints are
scope, time and budget. The secondary—and
more ambitious— challenge is to optimize the
allocation and integration of inputs necessary
to meet pre-defined objectives.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management - basics
1. Assignment with special
2. Social system
features
target-oriented
risky
novel
dynamic
complex
definable
3. Temporary organization
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management - basics
• Project-phases
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communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management - phases
• Initiation
This is the most crucial phase in the Project Life Cycle, as it's the phase
in which the scope is defined and the team is hired. Only with a clearly
defined scope and a suitably skilled team, success can be ensured.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Develop a business case
Undertake a feasibility study
Establish the project charter
Appoint the project team
Set up the project office
Perform a phase review
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management – phases
• Planning
Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for
completing the project are determined. Following this step, the durations
for the various tasks necessary to complete the work are listed and
grouped into a work break down structure. The logical dependencies
between tasks are defined using an activity network diagram that enables
identification of the
critical path.
– At this stage, the project plan may be
optimized to achieve the appropriate balance
between resource usage and project duration
to comply with the project objectives. Once
established and agreed, the plan becomes what
is known as the baseline
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management - phases
• Execution
It follows the project planning phase and ideally starts once the Project Plan
has been approved and baselined. Project execution is characterized by the
actual work on the tasks planned and project control involves the comparison of
the actual performance with the planned performance and taking appropriate
corrective action to get the desired output.
– The project team is responsible and executes
the tasks as planned by the project manager.
Project manager is responsible for performance
measurement which includes finding variances
between planned and actual work, cost and
schedule.
– All project key stakeholders are responsible for
the review of the matrices and variances.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management – phases
• Closure
The purpose of this final phase is to determine whether the project
was
a success. Evaluation is typically conducted in order to answer three
questions.
– Did the project deliver on time, within
budget and to scope and quality
requirements?
– Were project stakeholders and project
team members satisfied with the project?
– Did the project achieve the envisaged
business benefits?
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management – phases
• Lessons Learned
.
Forms an integral part of the project closure phase. It helps answer what could be
done to improve the process? The outputs from this phase provide as a stepping
stone to execute the next projects with much more efficiency and control
•
– Provide the delivery team with good feedback and useful info for
future engagements.
• Document project-specific issues that may be relevant to tech support
after hand-off
– Increase customer satisfaction and provide the customer with useful
project information as they move into the post-implementation
support mode
– One additional, long-term benefit that can greatly help future project
teams and customers is documenting the Lessons Learned.
•
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management – phases
• Basics – PDCA (plan-do-check-act)
– It is an iterative four-step process typically
used in business process improvement.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management
• PDCA (plan-do-check-act)
• PLAN
– Establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in
accordance with the expected output. By making the expected output
the focus, it differs from other techniques in that the completeness
and accuracy of the specification is also part of the improvement
• DO
– Implement the new processes. Often on a small scale if possible.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management
• PDCA (plan-do-check-act)
• CHECK
– Measure the new processes and compare the results against the
expected results to ascertain any differences.
• ACT
– Analyze the differences to determine their cause. Each will be part of
either one or more of the P-D-C-A steps. Determine where to apply
changes that will include improvement. When a pass through these
four steps does not result in the need to improve, refine the scope to
which PDCA is applied until there is a plan that involves improvement.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
Project-management
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Thank you for participating in this
learning session and remember
never stop engaging in learning
situations
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This [publication]
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Sense of Initiative and Entrepreneurship
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