Transcript NonVerbal Codes of Communication

Nonverbal Codes of
Communication
Types of Nonverbal Codes
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What is the
Kinesics
focus of each
Haptics (tactile)
of these
Physical Appearance
nonverbal
Artifacts
areas?
Proxemics and Personal Space
Chronemics
Paralanguage
Categories of Movement
• Emblems-substitute for words or phrases
• Illustrators-accompany/reinforce verbal
messages
• Affect displays-show emotion
• Regulators-control flow and pace of
communication
• Adaptors-typically private, but sometimes
public, movements
Categories of Space (Proxemics)
Public +12ft
Social 4-12ft
Personal 1.5-4ft
Intimate 0-1.5ft
What Space Says
• Males take more space than females
• Distance often communicates the degree of
liking between two people
• Distance is often greater with strangers,
authority figures, high-status people,
physically-challenged people, and people of
different races
• Physical environment can control the space
available
Haptics
• Essential to healthy
life
• Confers power and
status
• Often gender-related
The Communication of Touching
• People need to be touched
• Touch is usually perceived as positive,
pleasureful, and reinforcing
• Touch varies between and within cultures
– Females value touch more than males
– Males use touch to indicate power or
dominance
– Males touch others more than females touch
others
Types of Vocal Cues (Paralanguage)
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Pitch
Rate
Inflection
Volume
Quality
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Sounds and silence
Pronunciation
Articulation
Enunciation
What
effects do
these cues
have?
Clothes and Artifacts
• Communicate age, gender,
status, role, socioeconomic
class, group memberships,
personality, and relation to
the opposite sex
• Indicate time in history,
time of day, and climate
What do your
clothes say
about you?
How do they
differ when you
are not in class?
How to Use Codes
• Observe, analyze, and interpret behavior
• Know usual behavior to compare different
behaviors
– Behavior across situations
– Behavior with different people