basic of ccc
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Transcript basic of ccc
The
Whorf hypothesis
A hypothesis holding that the structure of a
language affects the perceptions of reality
of its speakers and thus influences their
thought patterns and worldviews.
Communications
have multiple
meanings interpreted by
reading the situation
Asian and Arabic languages are
among the most high context in
the world
The
words provide most of the
meaning
Most northern European
languages including German,
English, and the Scandinavian
languages are low context
E X 3 .1 H ig h C o n te x t a n d
L o w C o n te x t C o u n tr ie s
H ig h C o n te x t: M e a n in g
Im p lic it L a n g u a g e s
Japanese
A ra b s
S u rro u n d in g
L a tin A m e ric a n s
In fo rm a tio n
Ita lia n s
N e c e s s a ry fo r
U n d e rs ta n d in g
B ritis h
F re n c h
N o rth A m e ric a n s
S c a n d in a v ia n s
G e rm a n s
S w is s
L o w C o n te x t: M e a n in g
E x p lic it in L a n g u a g e
Basic communication styles:
Direct communication = comes to the point and lacks
ambiguity.
Formal communication = acknowledges rank, titles, and
ceremony in prescribed social interaction.
Nonverbal communication:
Communication without words
Includes array of behaviors that enhance/supplement
spoken communication
includes kinesics, proxemics, haptics, oculesics, and
olfactics…
Kinesics:
Communication through body movements:
eg. facial expressions, body posture.
Most Asian cultures use bowing to show respect.
Caution: can be easy to misinterpret gestures.
Proxemics:
Use of space to communicate:
Each culture has appropriate distances for
communication.
The personal bubble of space may range from 9 inches to
> 2 feet.
North Americans prefer more distance than Latin and Arab
cultures.
Haptics (or touching)
Shaking hands, embracing, or kissing when greeting one
another
No touching
(eg. Japan, US, England)
Moderate touching
(eg. Australia, China, India)
Touching
(eg. Italy, Greece)
Oculesics:
Communication through eye contact or gaze
US and Canada:
people are very comfortable and expect eye contact to
be maintained
China and Japan: eye contact is considered very rude &
disrespectful
Olfactics: use of smells as a means of nonverbal
communication
U.S.: find body odor offensive
Arab: consider body odors natural
Provide
simultaneous translation of a foreign
language
Require greater linguistic skills than speaking a
language or translating written documents
Insure the accuracy and common understanding
of agreements
Use
the most common words with most common
meanings
Select words with few alternative meanings
Follow rules of grammar strictly
Speak with clear breaks between words
Avoid
“sports” words or words borrowed
from literature
Avoid words that represent pictures
Mimic the cultural flavor of nonnative
speaker’s language
Summarize
Test your communication success
Attribution
- process by which we interpret the meaning
and intent of spoken words or nonverbal exchanges
Attribution errors