Transcript Mars Lander Design - Northwest Missouri State University

Mars Lander Design Workshop
NASA Langley
23 March 2004
Designing Things
• Start by defining what the thing will do
– Carry people, bake cookies, study Mars,…
• Next understand any limits
– No loud noise, chocolate chips only, low cost,…
• Then find the “wiggle” room
– In air or on ground, any size cookies, orbiter or lander
• Design the item by balancing the things above
(not a simple task!!)
Mars Lander Design
• Project scientist defines science objectives (what lander
will study)
– Study soil and under surface for water
• Project leaders determine mission constraints or limits
– Total cost amount and vehicle mass
• Design engineers adjust the lander to best do the job
within the limits
– Use rockets or airbags to land
– Arrange instruments and necessary equipment to fit inside
lander
Design Team
• NASA Langley Planetary Team helps
design Mars landers
• Team leader get requirements from Project
leaders and directs team activities
• She/He works with team members and
Project leaders to achieve the best design
within the limits provided
Today’s Activity
• Models are used frequently in design process
• Your team (led by a NASA Langley Planetary Team
Engineer) will develop a Mars Lander model
– Your team will decide what pieces to put on the lander and
where to put them
– These pieces represent different parts of the lander
• Limits exist as in actual Mars Lander design
– Your lander
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can cost no more than $ 300 M
must have less than 500 kg total mass
must provide 60 W Power
must have a rover ($80 M, 120 kg)
Today’s Activity (cont.)
• Required components of Lander
– Lander will have
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2 science packages
1 communication unit
1 power source
1 computer
Other elements (total $130M, 260 kg) are considered fixed
• Your team selects specific components that meet
the total cost, mass, power limits while fitting
inside the entry aeroshell
Summary Requirements
• Overall Lander Requirements
– $ 300 M total cost
– 500 kg total entry mass
– 60 W power
• Current Onboard Systems
– Rover (120 kg, $80 M)
– Other Support Systems ( 260 kg, $130 M)
• Required Packages ( 120 kg mass, $ 90 M remaining)
– 2 Science
– 1 Communication
– 1 Power
– 1 Computer
Science Package Choices
• Camera/Imager
– 5 kg mass, Hi CPU, Hi COM, $ 30 M
• Meteorology
– 15 kg, $ 20 M
• Thermal Emission Spectrometer
– 10 kg, Hi CPU, $ 10 M
• Drill/Core Sampler
– 20 kg, $ 15 M
• Surface Soil Analyzer
– 15 kg, $ 5 M
Communication / Computer Package
Choices
• Communication
– High Gain Com - 20 kg, $ 10 M
– Low Gain Com - 25 kg, $ 5 M
• Computer
– High CPU - 5 kg, $ 15 M
– Low CPU - 5 kg, $ 5 M
Power Packages
• Low Technology Battery
– 15 W, 10 kg, $ 3 M (per battery, 4 required)
– Requires 2 stowed solar panels (10 kg , $2.5 M each)
• High Technology Battery
– 30 W, 10 kg, $10 M (per battery, 2 required)
– Requires 2 stowed solar panels (10 kg, $2.5 M each)
• Nuclear Power Source (RTG)
– 75 W, 5 kg, $ 80 M
Activity Start
• Using base provided, add components of Lander
• Different items represent instruments or systems (on
sheets at tables)
– Nuudles, finger tip, toothpick, spiral binder, push pin,
closepin, brass fasteners, popsicle stick, straw, Q-tip
• Damp Nuudles attach to base
• Toothpick attach items that don’t attach easily by
themselves
• The heatshield (plate) and backshell (bowl) will be
hole punched and connected using a brass fastener
Activity Wrap-up
• Requirements change, re-designs occur
• Today’s activity balanced total mass, cost, and
volume, actual Lander design has many more
issues
– Component placement for mass balance
– Heat Shield (plate) and Backshell (bowl) shape
adjustment for best flight conditions
– Engine size for successful touchdown
– And many others
Science Packages
MET
1/2 Q-tip
Drill/Core
Sampler
clothes pin
TES
Binder piece (2 rings)
Camera
1/2 Popsicle stick
Surface Soil
Analyzer
Binder piece
(4 rings)
NOTE: Rover is Purple Nuudle
Computer & Communication
High Tech
Computer
Blue or Green push pin
Low Tech
Computer
Red or Yellow push pin
High Gain
Communication
1/2 Straw
Low Gain
Communication
1/2 toothpick
Power
RTG
Brass Fastener
Battery Low tech
(1 Nuudle = 2 batteries)
yellow Nuudle
Battery High tech
(1 Nuudle = 2 batteries)
Red Nuudle
Each Battery
Requires
2 solar arrays
(stowed)
Orange/white nuudle