Transcript Слайд 1 - Second Announcement | Ganymede Lander

Laplace-Ganymede lander mission
Preliminary model payloads for
the Ganymede Lander and the
Relay orbiter
Oleg Korablev, [email protected]
7 March, 2013
Ganymede Lander Mission: play safe !
• Detailed reconnaissance from JUICE for choosing the Ganymede Lander
landing site
• Landing using (ESA) Visual Navigation System IF AVAILABLE
• OR a Lander robust against severe surface roughness IF POSSIBLE
• Telecommunication via JUICE, IF LOGISTICS PERMIT
 Dedicated Ganymede orbiter for TELECOMMUNICATION, additional
meter-scale mapping of the selected landing site and (some limited) SCIENCE
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Ganymede Lander
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JUICE
Relay Orbiter
Objectives
• Form (an ambition of) direct search for life on Europa to
determining the habitability of Ganymede: Traces of life might
have reached the surface IN THE PAST
– Establishing geophysical and chemical context for habitability
– Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and
enhance the detection limits
• Orbiter:
– Landing site selection (in addition to high-resolution mapping from
JUICE)
– To complement JUICE (2-points observations, radioscience, etc.)
– Other Jupiter system investigations, in particular those not included in
JUICE
– Cruise investigations
Science Themes
• Ocean
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Crust depth
Salinity
Composition
…
• Habitability
– Ice composition
– Search for paleolife
–…
• Environment
OR
• Internal structure
– Crust/ocean depth
– Core size
–…
• Surface
– Regolith/ice
composition
– Conditions
–…
• Exosphere
• Magnetosphere
OR…
Europa Lander Model Payload
Instrument
Conditions
Composition
Prototype
Mass
(estimated)
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OPTIMISM/Mars 96
495g +electronics
Habitability
Seismometer
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Magnetometer
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MMO Bepi Colombo
770g
TV camera set
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CIVA/Rosetta; Phobos 11
1200g
Optical microscope
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Beagle-2; Phobos 11
300g
(2000g)
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No direct prototype;
technique well
established
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CIVA/Rosetta
MicrOmega/ExoMars
(1000g)
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GAP/Phobos 11;
COSAC/Rosetta
(5000g)
Wet chemistry set (option 1)
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Urey/ExoMars1
2000g
Immuno-arrays (option 2)
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SOLID/ExoMars1
(1000g)
IR spectroscopy
IR close-up spectrometer
GCMS
Raman spectroscopy
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RAMAN-LIBS/ExoMars1
1100g2
Laser-ablation MS
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LASMA/Phobos 11
1000g
XRS (TBD)
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No prototype
(2000g)
Various sensors
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MUPUS/Rosetta
2350g
Radiation dose
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RADOM/Chandrayaan-1
100g
Largely applicable to Ganymede?
20315g
No account for aux systems
Ganymede Surface Science
• A set of instruments on the Lander
– Assume max mass of instruments and aux systems of 50 kg
(cf talk Maxim Martynov) to include:
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instruments;
sampling device(s);
Deployment
Data handling
Radiation protection for instruments out of common compartment
• Penetrator(s)
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T surf = 103K average
Acceleration = 0.13 g
Orb. period = 3.55 d
Regolith thickness largely unknown, several
meters reworked and refrozen
• Sublimated uppermost layer of few mms,
below 1 cm
Penetrators
• To be released from the orbit
• Mass 5-15 kg
• Payload <2 kg
Lander instruments/systems
• Set of context instruments
– Panoramic camera (stereo, filters or color) mast
– Various sensors (temperature, conductivity, radiation, etc)
• Geophysical package
– Magnetometer boom
– Radioscience
– Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltmeter
• Geochemistry
– Contact (GCMS, Raman, XRD/XRS, …) robotic arm, sample preparation,
close-up camera
– Remote (IR spectroscopy, LIBS) mast
• Environment
– MS for atmosphere
– Plasma/wave, ENA, Ion spectrometer
Lander instruments/systems
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Robotic arm with sampling device 3-5 kg
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Heritage: Phobos-Grunt, Luna-Resource
Chomic-type perforator 1.4kg, heritage Rosetta
Scoop/sampling cylinder
Dedicated context and close-up cameras (mass ~ 500g)
1-2 instruments (mass ~500 g)
Drilling proposal: 10kg/400 mm depth
– Heritage Luna 16
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Common sample preparation system for GCMS, XRD, etc ???
– Heritage ExoMars/Pasteur
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Mast for Camera/LIBS/IR spectrometer
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Periscope or some instruments outside?
Stereo camera (type Luna Lander, or other)
High-resolution camera (Type ExoMars)?
LIBS
IR spectrometer (type LIS, or ISEM)
Magnetometer boom ~1.5 m
• Data handling system
Geophysical package
• Magnetometer (talk Auster)
– mass within 1 kg
– Deployment : boom!
• Radioscience
– USO or phase conservation retransmitter 0.85 kg (talk Rosenblatt)
– Ka-band communications (talk Gregnanin)
• Seismometer
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No need for a state-of-the-art Mars-type device
Two-axis
Mass: <2 kg (?)
Deployment required or placement on the foot suffice?
• Gravimeter/tiltmeter 1.4 kg (talk Karatekin)
• GPR (active or passive) (talks Hamelin/Przyklenk)
Surface composition/extinct life
• GCMS (talk Gerasimov)
– Large MASS and POWER (5 kg/50 W)
– Sample preparation
• LIBS (talks Pavlov, Kameda) mass likely 2-3kg
– Remote
– Only the upper few millimeters sounded regolith, altered, depleted in
volatiles
• Raman
– Incompatible with a “remote” LIBS ?
– High diagnostic potential
– Possible complement of GCMS
• Laser ablation MS: element analysys
• XRD/XRF: structure/element analysis
Environment
• Magnetometer
• MS for atmosphere
– MS from GCMS should be able to sound the atmosphere
– Or a separate INMS?
• Plasma/wave set
– Is a combination with GPR possible?
• ENA
• Ion spectrometer
An attempt to compile a model payload
Instrument
Conditions
Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltm
eter
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Magnetometer
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GPR
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Composition
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Prototype
Mass
(estimated)
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OPTIMISM/Mars 96
Luna-Resurce
~2000 g +shield
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MMO Bepi Colombo
770g +boom

?
1000g
Habitability
Mast
TV camera set
2000 g
ExoMars, Luna Globe
1200g + mast +
shield
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IR spectroscopy
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LIS Luna-Resource, ISEM
ExoMars
1400 +shield?
LIBS
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ChemCam Curiosity
3000 (?)g +shield
Robotic arm + sampling
Optical microscope
GCMS
3500 g
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Beagle-2; CUPI/ExoMars
500g + shield
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GAP/Phobos 11;
COSAC/Rosetta
6000g
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ExoMars XRD
1400g
XRD/XRF
Environmental package
Various sensors,
electronic block
Radiation dose
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APX/ MER
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Rosetta, Luna Resource,
2500g
RADOM/Chandrayaan-1
100g
~25 000 g
Orbiter Payload
• Reconnaissance
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Full mapping from JUICE
Landing sites/target areas
WAC+HRC
Meter resolution required
• Magnetometer
– Boom of several meters!
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Radioscience
Plasma/particle package (+cruise)
Dust detector/monitor (+cruise)
Some other investigations complementing/not included in
JUICE payload
Concluding remarks
• A modest wish-list is already likely incompatible with the resources
• (Much) more iterations and discussions are necessary
• Proposed lander design is incompatible with the Mast, and likely many of
environment investigations: could a smaller Ka-band high-gain antenna
solve the problem?
Proposal for the Discussion:
To form few dedicated groups on science payloads
• “Geophysics”
• “Composition/Past or Present Habitability”
• “Environment”
• Landing site
And to compile papers accordingly for the ASR