Transcript No Slide Title

New England
Roofing Industry
Partnership
Health Hazards & Hazard
Communication
1926.59
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Training Objectives
 After
completing this unit, you will be
able to:
– Explain the purpose and content of the OSHA
Hazard Communication Standard.
– Identify basic types of health hazards from
chemicals used on the work site.
– Identify routes of entry & potential health effects.
– Explain the purpose & identify the components of a
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
– Find hazard control information on an MSDS.
– Identify manufacturer’s and standardized labeling
systems.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
References
 29
CFR 1926.59, Subpart D, Hazard
Communication
 29 CFR 1910.1200 Subpart Z, Hazard
Communication
 National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
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SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
The Dangers of Chemicals
 Are
chemicals really worth worrying
about?
– A recent study shows that exposure to
harmful substances causes 18% of all on
the job deaths in construction!
– This does not include those workers who
get long term diseases from exposures.
– Asbestos, fiberglass, adhesives, and paint
products cause thousands of cases of lung
disease among construction workers.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
How Chemicals Get Inside Us
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Hazards of Chemicals…


There are 2 basic types of chemical hazards
– Physical Hazards
– Health Hazards
The first rule of Chemical safety is… "Know what
you are working with and how to protect yourself
and others“
Physical Hazards…

Chemicals are classified as having Physical Hazards if they
are
 Explosive
 Compressed Gas
 Combustible Liquids
 Flammable
 Unstable
 Water Reactive
 Oxidizers
Physical Hazards…

Some chemicals may be safe by themselves,
but become dangerous when in contact with
other substances.
Chemicals with Physical
Hazards…

Used only by trained employees

Stored in a safe manner

Never mixed with other chemicals unless by
an approved procedure
Health Hazards

Chemicals are classified as being a health
hazard if they:
Can cause cancer
Are poisonous (toxic)
Cause harm to your skin, internal organs,
or nervous system
Are corrosive - such as acids
Cause allergic reactions after repeated
exposure
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Routes of Entry
 Inhalation
– Usually our biggest concern due to very
large surface area of the lungs.
 Ingestion
– A concern where hand-to-mouth actions
occur, for example eating or smoking.
 Skin Absorption
– Can lead to a double exposure with
inhalation of some solvents.
 Injection
– Into the skin, such as compressed air or
high pressure paint spray.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Inhalation Hazards
 Each
year respiratory hazards cause
illness and death for thousands of
construction workers.
 The hazards in the air can be either:
– Gases, Vapors, such as ADHESIVE
VAPORS
– Particulates
• Dust, fibers, fumes, such as SILICA DUST
– Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Gases and Vapors
 Gases-
– formless at room temperature; things like
carbon monoxide, methane and propane.
 Vapors-
– formed when liquids evaporate; things
like paint vapors, adhesive vapors, and
gasoline vapors.

Either can get into your bloodstream by
breathing them into your lungs. Once in
your blood they can damage your organs.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres
 Most
often found in confined spaces.
 Considered immediately dangerous to
life and health (IDLH).
 IDLH situations will cause death or
serious injury within 30 minutes.
 19.5% oxygen is the lowest legal limit.
 Lack of oxygen can damage your brain.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Particulates
 Dusts
– produced by grinding, sanding, cutting, and
mixing.
 Mists
– given off when a liquid is sprayed.
 Fumes– tiny particles given off when metals or other solid
materials are vaporized, then cooled.
– For example – welding fumes.
Health effect will depend on origin and particle
size. Finer material can penetrate deep into
your lungs.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
How Chemicals Affect Us
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D
Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Once A Chemical Gets In
 Depending
on its toxicity and how
much, you were exposed to, it may:
– Irritate or injure your nose, mouth, throat,
or lungs.
– Get into your blood stream through your
lungs or skin.
– Have an additive, or synergistic, effect
with some other compound.
– Stay in your body for a long time.
– Damage certain organs, or systems.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Working Safely With Chemicals
 We
can prevent chemical exposure
and related illness by:
– Knowing everything we can about the
chemicals we work with.
– Applying the OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard which was
designed to make sure workers know
about the chemicals they work with.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Hazard Communication Standard
 The
Hazard Communication Standard
requires employers to:
– Get and provide Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDSs) on each chemical.
– Use only chemicals that are labeled.
– Inform and train workers about the
chemicals.
– Have a written program which includes a
list of all chemicals being used.
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What’s wrong with this picture?
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Container Labeling
All chemicals must be labeled.
 Employers may use the manufacturer’s label
which came on the container.
 Employers may also use standardized
systems such as the National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) label.

– Note: As a worker you are permitted to have an
unlabeled container if you have complete control
over the container at all times and you only have
as much as you will use-up for the task. Walking
away from it, even for a moment, is losing control.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Check It Out!
One of the most
effective ways to
learn about the
chemicals you use is
to read the label.
 What you learn may
surprise you.
 More importantly it
will give you the
knowledge to help
protect yourself.

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Employee Information and
Training


Employers must provide employees
information and training on hazardous
chemicals in their work area:
– At the time of their initial assignment
– Whenever a new physical or health
hazard the employees have not
previously been trained about is
introduced into their work area
Training may cover categories of hazards
Employee Information

Employers must inform employees:
– Of the training requirements of
this section (1910.1200 (h)
Employee information and
training.);
– Any operations in their work area
where hazardous chemicals are
present;
– The location and availability of the
written hazard communication
program
Employee Information

Employers must inform employees:
– The location and availability of the list of
hazardous chemicals
– The location and availability of material safety
data sheets
Employee Training

Employee training shall include at least:
– Methods and observations that may be used to detect the
presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work
area
– The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work
area
– Measures employees can take to protect themselves
– Details of the employers specific program
New Hazard Information

One important function of the individual(s)
in charge of maintaining MSDS for the
employer is to replace current MSDS with
the revised version, when it is received.

Companies can have copies in several
locations, so updating all copies requires
a conscientious effort by the individual(s)
responsible for maintaining MSDS.
MSDS availability off-site

For employees who work off-site:
– MSDS may be kept at the central location
– In an emergency, the employer must have
provisions in place to ensure that employees can
immediately obtain the required information
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Product Information
 Chemical
name.
 Who makes it.
 The manufacturer’s address.
 The manufacturer’s phone number.
 The date the MSDS was prepared.
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SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Chemical/Physical
Properties
 Physical
and chemical characteristics
help predict a chemical’s behavior.
– Boiling point, vapor pressure, vapor
density, solubility in water, specific
gravity, melting point, evaporation rate,
and appearance/odor.
– For example,
• A chemical with a vapor density greater than 1
will have a vapor heavier than air, like
gasoline.
• A liquid with a specific gravity less than 1 will
float on water, like oil.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Fire & Explosion Data
 We
can use the MSDS to find out about
the fire and explosion hazard of a
product, things like:
– The Chemical’s Flash Point.
– What type of extinguisher to use.
– Any special fire fighting precautions.
– What not to mix it with.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
FLASH POINT
 The
temperature the chemical must
reach to give off enough vapor for
fire or explosion if an ignition source
or spark was there.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
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MSDS - Health Hazard Information
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Exposure Limits
 Limits
are based on laboratory
research and are set based on what
85% of the population can stand
without getting sick.
 The
number is based on the average
concentration over an 8-hour day, 40
hours per week for your whole
working life.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
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Exposure Limits2
 Threshold
Limit Values (TLVs) are from
current research.
 Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are
OSHA law but the levels may be higher as
they depend on older research results.
 On your MSDS take note, some chemicals
may have a TLV lower than the PEL.
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
PELs and TLVs
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Protective Measures
 We
can use the MSDS to find out if
ventilation is required, and things like:
– Specific type of respirator needed.
– What type of gloves to use.
– What type of eye and face protection is
needed.
– Any other protective equipment and
protective measures needed.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Handling Spills & Leaks
 We
can use the MSDS to find out what to
do with leaks and spills, things like:
– Procedures for clean-up.
– Disposal after clean-up.
– Any other special precautions such as
insuring good ventilation during clean-up.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Special Precautions
 We
can use the MSDS to find out if there
are any special precautions for handling
and storage, things like:
– Avoiding ignition sources.
– Avoiding storage above 1000 Fahrenheit.
– What it should not be stored near such as
oxygen tanks.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
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Most Importantly!
 Check
the health hazards section for
routes of entry and symptoms of
overexposure.
 Check the protective measures section
for safe handling and PPE selection.
 Check the fire and explosion data section
for unusual fire & explosion potential.
 Read the MSDS before using a chemical!
 Read the label before using a chemical!
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
NFPA Label
 National
Fire Protection Association
 The higher the number in the blue
box (max. is 4), the greater the health
hazard. Check the MSDS.
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SUBPART
D
Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
HMIS Label
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Access to Information
 Material
safety data sheets must be
available whenever you want them.
– Computerized MSDS is OK, if
immediately available on the job.
 You
must also be able to see the
company’s written hazard
communication program including
the list of chemicals.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Case Study: What went wrong?
A laborer was given the
job of thinning a large
stock pile of oil-based
paints while inside a
small storage building.
At the end of the
second day, he was
found unconscious. He
was taken to the hospital
with an irregular heart
beat & almost died.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Subpart D - Occupational Health
(1926.50 - 66)
Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts & mists - Exposure
55(a)
63
Lead - Exposure assessment
Standard - 1926.
62(d)(1)(i)
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Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts & mists - Controls
55(b)
44
Employee exposure assessment - Biological monitoring
62(d)(2)(v)(E)
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Hazard Communication - Written Program
59(e)(1)
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Employee exposure assessment - Appropriate PPE
62(d)(2)(v)(B)
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