Transcript Health Hazards & Hazard Communication

New England
Roofing Industry
Partnership
Health Hazards & Hazard
Communication
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Training Objectives
 After
completing this unit, you will be
able to:
– Explain the purpose and content of the OSHA
Hazard Communication Standard.
– Identify basic types of health hazards from
chemicals used on the work site.
– Identify routes of entry and potential health effects.
– Explain the purpose & identify the components of a
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
– Find hazard control information on an MSDS.
– Identify manufacturer’s and standardized labeling
systems.
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References
 29
CFR 1926.59, Subpart D, Hazard
Communication
 29 CFR 1910.1200, Subpart Z, Hazard
Communication
 National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
The Dangers of Chemicals
 Are
chemicals really worth worrying
about?
– A recent study shows that exposure to
harmful substances causes 18% of all on
the job deaths in construction!
– This does not include those workers who
get long term diseases from exposures.
– Asbestos, fiberglass, adhesives, and paint
products cause thousands of cases of lung
disease among construction workers.
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How Chemicals Get Inside Us
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Routes of Entry
 Inhalation
– Usually our biggest concern due to very
large surface area of the lungs.
 Ingestion
– A concern where hand-to-mouth actions
occur, for example eating or smoking.
 Skin Absorption
– Can lead to a double exposure with
inhalation of some solvents.
 Injection
– Into the skin, such as compressed air or
high pressure paint spray.
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Inhalation Hazards
 Each
year respiratory hazards cause
illness and death for thousands of
construction workers.
 The hazards in the air can be either:
– Gases, Vapors, such as ADHESIVE
VAPORS
– Particulates
• Dust, fibers, fumes, such as SILICA DUST
– Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Gases and Vapors
 Gases-
– formless at room temperature; things like
carbon monoxide, methane and propane.
 Vapors-
– formed when liquids evaporate; things
like paint vapors, adhesive vapors, and
gasoline vapors.

Either can get into your bloodstream by
breathing them into your lungs. Once in
your blood they can damage your organs.
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Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres
 Most
often found in confined spaces.
 Considered immediately dangerous to
life and health (IDLH).
 IDLH situations will cause death or
serious injury within 30 minutes.
 19.5% oxygen is the lowest legal limit.
 Lack of oxygen can damage your brain.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Particulates
Dusts
– produced by grinding, sanding, cutting, and
mixing.
Mists
– given off when a liquid is sprayed.
Fumes
– tiny particles given off when metals or other
solid materials are vaporized, then cooled.
– for example – welding fumes.
Health effect will depend on origin and particle size.
Finer material can penetrate deep into your lungs.
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How Chemicals Affect Us
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Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Once A Chemical Gets In
 Depending
on its toxicity and how
much, you were exposed to, it may:
– Irritate or injure your nose, mouth, throat,
or lungs.
– Get into your blood stream through your
lungs or skin.
– Have an additive, or synergistic, effect
with some other compound.
– Stay in your body for a long time.
– Damage certain organs, or systems.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Working Safely With Chemicals
 We
can prevent chemical exposure
and related illness by:
– Knowing everything we can about the
chemicals we work with.
– Applying the OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard which was
designed to make sure workers know
about the chemicals they work with.
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Hazard Communication Standard
 The
Hazard Communication Standard
requires employers to:
– Get and provide Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDSs) on each chemical.
– Use only chemicals that are labeled.
– Inform and train workers about the
chemicals.
– Have a written program which includes a
list of all chemicals being used.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Container Labeling
All chemicals must be labeled.
 Employers may use the manufacturer’s label
which came on the container.
 Employers may also use standardized
systems such as the National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) label.

– Note: As a worker you are permitted to have an
unlabeled container if you have complete control
over the container at all times and you only have
as much as you will use-up for the task. Walking
away from it, even for a moment, is losing control.
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Check It Out!
One of the most
effective ways to
learn about the
chemicals you use is
to read the label.
 What you learn may
surprise you.
 More importantly it
will give you the
knowledge to help
protect yourself.

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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Product Information
 Chemical
name.
 Who makes it.
 The manufacturer’s address.
 The manufacturer’s phone number.
 The date the MSDS was prepared.
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MSDS - Chemical/Physical
Properties
 Physical
and chemical characteristics
help predict a chemical’s behavior.
– Boiling point, vapor pressure, vapor
density, solubility in water, specific
gravity, melting point, evaporation rate,
and appearance/odor.
– For example,
• A chemical with a vapor density greater than 1
will have a vapor heavier than air, like
gasoline.
• A liquid with a specific gravity less than 1 will
float on water, like oil.
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MSDS - Fire & Explosion Data
 We
can use the MSDS to find out about
the fire and explosion hazard of a
product, things like:
– The Chemical’s Flash Point.
– What type of extinguisher to use.
– Any special fire fighting precautions.
– What not to mix it with.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Flash Point
 The
temperature the chemical must
reach to give off enough vapor for
fire or explosion if an ignition source
or spark was there.
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MSDS - Health Hazard Information
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Exposure Limits
 Limits
are based on laboratory
research and are set based on what
85% of the population can stand
without getting sick.
 The
number is based on the average
concentration over an 8-hour day, 40
hours per week, for your whole
working life.
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Exposure Limits2
 Threshold
Limit Values (TLVs) are from
current research.
 Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are
OSHA law but the levels may be higher
than TLVS as they depend on older
research results.
 On your MSDS take note, some chemicals
may have a TLV lower than the PEL.
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
PELs and TLVs
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MSDS - Protective Measures
 We
can use the MSDS to find out if
ventilation is required, and things like:
– Specific type of respirator needed.
– What type of gloves to use.
– What type of eye and face protection is
needed.
– Any other protective equipment and
protective measures needed.
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MSDS - Handling Spills & Leaks
 We
can use the MSDS to find out what to
do with leaks and spills, things like:
– Procedures for clean-up.
– Disposal after clean-up.
– Any other special precautions such as
insuring good ventilation during clean-up.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
MSDS - Special Precautions
 We
can use the MSDS to find out if there
are any special precautions for handling
and storage, things like:
– Avoiding ignition sources.
– Avoiding storage above 1000 Fahrenheit.
– What it should not be stored near such as
oxygen tanks.
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Most Importantly!
 Check
the health hazards section for
routes of entry and symptoms of
overexposure.
 Check the protective measures section
for safe handling and PPE selection.
 Check the fire and explosion data section
for unusual fire & explosion potential.
 Read the MSDS before using a chemical!
 Read the label before using a chemical!
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
NFPA Label
 National
Fire Protection Association
 The higher the number in the blue
box (max. is 4), the greater the health
hazard. Check the MSDS.
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D
Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
HMIS Label
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
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What About Training?
 Training
must include:
– The hazards of the job including chemical
hazards.
– The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
itself.
– The specific chemicals you work with, the
potential hazards, and ways to control those
hazards.
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Access to Information
 Material
safety data sheets must be
available whenever you want them.
– Computerized MSDS is OK, if
immediately available on the job.
 You
must also be able to see the
company’s written hazard
communication program including
the list of chemicals.
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Case Study: What went wrong?
A laborer was given the
job of thinning a large
stock pile of oil-based
paints while inside a
small storage building.
At the end of the
second day, he was
found unconscious. He
was taken to the hospital
with an irregular heart
beat & almost died.
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D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Occupational Health
(1926.50 - 66)
Common OSHA Citations:
– .62(d)(1)(i): Lead - Exposure assessment
– .55(a): Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts & mists exposure
– .55(b): Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts & mists –
controls
– .50(c): First aid Training
– .59[1910.1200]:Hazard Communication - Written
Program
How can the hazards addressed by these
Standards best be corrected, controlled, or
eliminated?
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Review Questions
 True
or False?
1. There are only two ways chemicals enter the
body.
2. Chronic exposure means a one time
exposure.
3. OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard
(HCS) was designed to make sure workers
know about the chemicals they work with.
4. The only thing OSHA’s HCS requires
employers to do is get an MSDS sheet for
every chemical.
SUBPART
D Health Hazards & Hazard Communication
Review Questions
 True
or False?
5. OSHA requires all chemicals to be labeled.
6. It’s not always necessary to read the MSDS
sheet and container label before using a
chemical.
7. As a worker, the health hazards, protective
measures, and fire and explosion sections
of the MSDS sheet are the most important.
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Review Questions
 True
or False?
8. Your employer is required to provide training
about general hazard communication but not
about the specific chemicals you use.
9. The MSDS sheet will tell you how a chemical
can get in your body but will not tell you
what kind of PPE to use.
10. As a worker, you must always have access
to any MSDS sheet any time you want.