Transcript Asian review

Archipelago located in S.E. Asia
85 % Mountains not suited for
agriculture (Terrace Farming)
High population sustained by Rich
Fishing grounds
Imports resources for Industry
Japanese Religion
• “The Way of the
Gods”
• Kami-Spirit contained
in all living and nonliving things
• Worship of nature
(similar to animism)
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• Kabuki Theater- violent emotional
drama
• Sumo Wrestling
• Homogeneous People, have retained
much of their traditional life,
although modernized as well
• Haiku- Short poem of only 17 syllables
• Heavily influenced by
Chinese through Korea
(Literature calligraphy,
architecture, Buddhism)
• Japanese took Chinese
culture and adapted it to
create their own unique
culture (Isolation)
•Power rested in hands of
Warriors
Rigid Class Structure
•Code of Bushido-code of
conduct for warrior Samurai
(Chivalry)
Emperor
Shogun (actual ruler)
Daimyo(land owners)
Samurai (Warriors)
Peasants, Merchants, Artisans
last of the military dynasties
Banned contact w/ foreigners,
forbade missionaries to enter
Japan (Isolation)
•Commodore Perry opens
Japan to American
Ships & trade (1853)
•Treaty of Kanagawa
opened ports to trade
Modernization and westernization of
Japan
•Eliminated Feudalism
•Built political, military
and economic strength
•Stressed Education
Industrialization lead to Imperialism
Sino- Japanese War-(1894-1895) war
w/ China. Japan gains Formosa and a
Sphere of influence in Korea
Russo- Japanese War- (1904-1905)
Fought with Russia over control of
Korea.
Russia is defeated
WWI-Japan joins war on side of Allies.
Seizes German areas in China.
Becomes major power in Asia
Imperialism- Japan seizes parts of
China and islands in the Pacific
WWII- Rome/Tokyo/ Berlin Axis, is
defeated after atomic bombs dropped
on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
US Occupation After WWII
Under the leadership of Gen.
Macarthur
Japans is transformed into a
Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament known as the Diet.
Woman receive equal rights.
Democratic System of GovernmentParliament
Education-Highly educated. Literacy
rate of 99%
Economy-Highly industrialized
• Central Asia 1200’s
Nomadic Herders and Warriors
• Genghis Khan-Conquered most of
Asia from Korea
• Invaded E. Europe and Russia
• Pax Mongoliaperiod of trade and
the exchange of
goods between the
East and West
• Marco Polo- an
Italian merchant
traveled to court of
Kublai Khan
• Kublai Khan
conquered China
Controlled Korea,
Tibet, and parts of
Vietnam
• He called the dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
China
Ancient Times
through
Today
Causes
Resentment of
foreign control
(Spheres of Influence)
The need for modernization
(Factories, Education, Military)
Nationalist movements
China’s Geography
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Population: 1 billion
Mountains: Himalayas
Rivers: Yangtze and Yellow (Huang He)
Desert: Gobi
Ocean: Pacific
• Natural barriers (mountain, rivers,
oceans, deserts)
• Lack of outside contact (Isolation)
• They believed they were the center of
the universe
• Middle Kingdom
Would lead to downfall
Early River Valley Civilizations
• Huang He and Yangtze Rivers
• Fertile Land and Agriculture
Shang Dynasty: 1600 BC
• Writings based on
pictograms and
ideograms
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• Worshipped Shang
Ti (main god) who
controlled the spirits
of nature
• Deceased were gobetweens with the
spirits. (Ancestor
Worship)
Chou Dynasty 1122 BC- 256 BC
Mandate of Heaven
A dynasty had heavens
blessing if it governed
justly
The Great Wall
•Protection from Invasion
•Kept population in
Han Dynasty 140 BC-220 BC
Civil Service
Exams
• Paper
• Sundial
• Accurate
Calendar
• Peace and Order between:Individuals &
Government
• Loyalty and respect to
FAMILY stressed
• Act according to 5 relationships
• Ruler
• Subject
• Parent
• Spouse
Taoism
• Rejects Confucius rules
of behavior
• Stressed simplicty
• Meditation
• Closeness with Nature
• “The More Laws the
More Bandits”
Legalism
• Unconcerned with Ethics
or Meditation
• Men are motivated by
Greed and Fear
• Strong Government to
reward the Good and
punish the Bad
Buddhism
• Spreads to China from
India
• Wins over many of the
peasants class, who
convert to Buddhism
• Wheel of Dharma
TimeLine
• 1215 Genghis Khan invade
China
– Mongol Empire includes
much of Asia
– Dynasty)
– Marco Polo visits
(cultural Diffusion)
• 1368 Ming Dynasty
founded
– Overseas exploration
– Best Technology
– 1493 China returns to
isolationism
• 1644 Invaders from
Manchuria set up the
Manchu Dynasty
– Many Restricts
– Foreign trade only
allowed in Canton
European Imperialism
• The Opium War
– Indian and Turkish
opium is sold to Chinese
– 1839 Chinese Gov’t
destroys $6million of
British Opium
– Great Britain seizes
Canton and more
Unequal Treaties
• 1842 Treaty of Nanking
• 1850 Taiping Rebellion
– Great Britain
received money
– Chinese rebel against
Manchu Gov’t
– Hong Kong
– Europeans help the
Gov’t because of their
favorable ties
– Exterritoriality
• British in China
obey British
Law not Chinese
– Rebellion is crushed
– Europeans gained more
concessions
Spheres of Influence
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Great Britain
Germany
Russia
Japan
• US did not have a sphere,
but they instituted the
“Open Door Policy”
– Free trade anywhere in
China
• 1900 “Fists of Righteous
Harmony” (Boxers)
– Wanted to rid China of
foreign invaders
– Europeans crushed the
Boxer Rebellion and
won more concessions
Revolution of 1911
• 1911 Revolutionaries overthrew the Q’ing Dynasty
Dr. Sun Yat-sen named 1st president
– Brought democracy and modernization to China
– Allied China with Russia who gave aid and
territory
– After his death, Jiang Jieshi came to power
Nationalist Republic of
China- Taiwan (Democratic)
Jiang Jieshi
Supported by United States
Peoples Republic of ChinaMainland China (Communist)
Mao Zedong
Supported by Soviet Union
Today both claim to be the
Legitimate government of China
Redistributed land from
wealthy to peasants
Collectivization (Communes)
Killed any who resisted
Similar to Stalin’s Collective
Farms
5-Year Plan to increase industrial
& agricultural output
•High production quotas
Established “Peoples Communes”
Peasants had no incentive to work
Program was major failure
•Poor planning, low production,
crop failures, famine
Attempt to renew
peoples loyalty to
Communism
Purges of
counterrevolutionaries
•Intellectuals & artists
Militia units known as
The Red Guard formed
by students
USSR offers financial,
military & technical aid
•Relationship breaks
apart in 1960’s
Supports North Korea in
Korean War
U.S. does not formally
recognize China until 1979
•UN Membership in 1971
1980
• Deng Xiaoping’s Reforms:
–Limited Capitalism
–Land Reform-No more communes
–Modernization
–Increased trade with foreign countries
–New Constitution
Population Control
• Newlyweds to have
only one child in
return for subsidies ($)
• Not in effect for rural
areas
1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre
• Peaceful student
protest for greater
Democracy and
freedom of Tibet
• Government kills
thousands
China Today
• As more capitalistic trends are
introduced, the question is:
• How long can they continue the
Communistic political philosophy?
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Himalayan Mountains
Northern Plain(Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra)
Deccan Plateau-Very dry, poor farming
Coastal Plains-Good fishing, West coast
Monsoons-Seasonal winds control Indian life.
Summer monsoons bring rain, winter brings
drought
Hinduism
Gods: Brahma-The Creator
Vishnu-The Preserver
Shiva-The Destroyer
Caste System
• Buddhism
– Four Noble Truths
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Suffering is universal
Cause of suffering is desire
Ultimate goal Nirvana
Path to Nirvana is Middle Way
• 8 Fold Path
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Belief in Karma and Reincarnation
Do not believe in any gods
Do not believe in the Caste System
Buddhism spread to China, Korea, Tibet and Japan
Islam
• 900’s Islam expands into India
• Believe in One God (Hindus believe in many)
• Muslim rulers (Sultans) have
• Great Power
• Persecute Hindus
Mughal India
• 1526-1857
• Akbar the Great
• Muslim ruler, but tolerant
toward Hindus
Explorers Come to India
• 1700’s East India
• 1498 Vasco da
Gamma reaches India Company of Great
Britain
– Trade with Europe
– Takes over after
Opens
Mogul
• 1526 Mogul invaders
– Dominate Indian
Politics
led by G. Kahn
• Commercial
sweep into India
Colonialism
– 300 years of
– GB controlled trade
Muslim
and used soldiers for
– Taj Majal
protection
Sepoy Rebellion
• Indian Soldiers who
served for Great
Britain revolt against
Christian British
• Supported by Hindus
and Muslims
• British were using
beef and pork fat to
seal weapons
• Great Britain crushes
rebellion
Mohandas Gandhi
• Led movement toward India’s
independence
• Passive Resistance/Civil Disobedience
• 1947 Prevents Civil War
• GB partitioned India before withdrawal
–India (Hindu)
–Pakistan (Muslim)
• 1947: Jawaharlal Nehru:
– India’s first independent Prime
Minister
– Stressed economic modernization
• 1966 Indira Gandhi
– Nehru’s daughter becomes Prime
Minister
– Sikhs wanted independent state
(Mix of Hindu and Muslim
– Indira assassinated in 1984 by
Sikh bodyguards
India and Pakistan
• India has a Hindu majority
• Pakistan has a Muslim majority
• Kashmir region divided by India and
Pakistan
• Muslim majority in India’s Kashmir wants
to join Pakistan, but India rejects the idea
• Threat of Nuclear conflict