The Origin of Humans
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Transcript The Origin of Humans
The Stone Ages
•Paleolithic - Old Stone Age:
2,500,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.
•Neolithic – New Stone Age:
8,000 to 4,000 B.C.
Time Periods
•Prehistory - before writing
•B.C. & A.D. – developed by a
monk around A.D. 532
•B.C. – “Before Christ”
•A.D. – “Anno Domini”
1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC
Paleolithic Age:
( Old Stone Age )
2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC
2,500,000 BC
to 8,000 BC
3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC
4. 30,000 BC -- 8,000 BC
Paleolithic Age
• The Ice Ages – 100,000 to 8,000 B.C.
• Humans were able to adapt
environment through use of fire
• Land bridges made possible the spread
of humans
o Japan & Korea
o Great Britain & Europe
o Malay Peninsula to Australia
o Bering Strait
Beringia
Paleolithic Age
• Made tools
• Used lava rocks to cut meat & crack bones
• Used spears to hunt & fish with
• Hunting men and gathering women
• NOMADIC – moving from place to place
Are we all Africans “under the skin”????
Paleolithic Age
• Humans found shelter in caves
• Cave paintings left behind
Human Migration
Neolithic Age
• The Neolithic Revolution – dawn of
systematic agriculture
• Neolithic – New Stone Age
• Domesticated Animals – dogs, goats,
oxen, cattle, pigs, chickens
• Crops – grains, bananas, yams, rice,
wheat, barley
• Rise of villages – Jericho & Catal
Huyuk (8,000 B.C.)
Neolithic Age
•Technological advances
oAgricultural – sickle, pottery, plow,
fertilizer
oLoom – for weaving flax & cotton
oArtisans made jewelry & weapons
The Agricultural Revolution
• Farming developed independently in
different parts of the world
• Most likely due to climate changes
• Slash & Burn – cut trees and burn to
clear a field
Middle East
8,000 BC
India
Central America
7,000 BC
6,500 BC
China
6,000 BC
Southeast Asia
5,000 BC
4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC
Hominids : Australopithecines
any member of the family of
two-legged primates that
includes all humans.
Southern & Eastern Africa
1974: Lucy found in Ethiopia
– oldest hominid found to date
Known as Hominids: first to
walk upright (more mobility)
HOMO HABILIS (“Man of Skills”)
2.5 million to 1.5 million B.C.
found in East
Africa – Olduvai
Gorge
created stone tools.
Homo Habilis
1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC
HOMO ERECTUS
( “Upright Human Being” )
Larger and more varied
tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate and
leave Africa for Europe and
Asia.
First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )
200,000 BC – 8,000 BC
HOMO SAPIENS
( “Wise Human Being” )
Neanderthals
( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons
( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )
Homo Sapiens
NEANDERTHALS:
Neander Valley,
Germany (1856)
Europe & SWest Asia
200,000-30,000 B.C.
First humans to bury
their dead (Religion)
Made clothes from
animal skins.
Lived in caves and
tents.
NEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/Tent
CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 B.C.
Homo sapiens sapiens
( “Wise, wise human” )
Found in Europe
By 30,000 B.C. they
replaced Neanderthals.
Cro-Magnons
identical to modern humans
Spoken language
Planned their hunts: studies
animal habits & stalked prey
Populations grew faster than
Neanderthals
Created Art
Cro-Magnon
Video: The Neolithic Ice Man
Section 1-2: Humans try
to Control Nature
Africa: The Nile River Valley wheat, barley
China: Huang He (Yellow River) Valley grain
(millet), and rice
Mexico & Central America corn, beans, squash
Peru tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoes
8,000 B.C. Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük
( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants
12 cultivated crops
Division of labor
Engaged in trade
Organized religion
Small military
An obsidian dagger
Çatal Hüyük
Advanced
Advanced
Cities
Technology
Specialized
Record-
Workers
Keeping
Complex
Institutions
Civilizations
1. ADVANCED CITIES
CENTER OF TRADE – VARIETY OF GOODS
2. SPECIALIZED WORKERS
SKILLS IN A SPECIFIC KIND OF WORK
3. COMPLEX INSTITUIONS
GOVERNMENT, RELIGION, ECONOMY
4. RECORD KEEPING
TAX, LAWS, STORAGE OF GRAIN,
CALENDAR OF RITUALS
5. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
PLOWS, IRRIGATION, BRONZE AGE FOR
WEAPONS
Banks of the Euphrates River (Sumer)
Population 30,000
3000 B.C.
Well defined social classes
Barter system
Ziggurat (Temple) is center of city life
Ziggurat at Ur
Temple
“Mountain of
the Gods”
The Course of Empire: The
Savage State
The Course of Empire: Pastoral
State
The Course of Empire: The
Consummation
The Course of Empire:
Destruction
The Course of Empire:
Desolation
Resources
• Susan Pojer: Horace Greely HS – NY
• Pat Helm: Hickory Ridge HS – NC
• Darrell Wells: Hickory Ridge HS - NC