Transcript A. Prehistory- time before written records 3000 B.C. and before

Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes
CHAPTER
1
The Peopling of the World,
Prehistory–2500 B.C.
Chapter Overview
Human beings first emerge in East Africa. As
they evolve, they develop complex technology
and spread over most of the world. In some
areas, people develop agriculture and settled
villages, some of which eventually grow into
complex cities and develop the five traits of
civilization.
CHAPTER
1
The Peopling of the World,
Prehistory–2500 B.C.
Time Line
4,000,000 B.C. First
hominids
appear in
Africa.
1,600,000 B.C.
Homo erectus
appears.
8000 B.C..
Neolithic Age
begins; first
agriculture takes
place
2600 B.C.
City
of Ur
flourishes
in Sumer.
2500
4,000,000
B.C.
B.C.
2,500,000 B.C..
Paleolithic Age begins
40,000 B.C..
Cro-Magnons appear
3000 B.C.
Bronze Age
begins in
Mesopotamia.
1
Human Origins
in Africa
Section
1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List
the advances, discoveries, and inventions of hominids.
Australopithecines
Upright walking,
opposable thumb
Homo erectus
Toolmaking,
mastery of fire,
language
Neanderthals
Burial rights, care
of their disabled,
building of shelters
Cro-Magnons
Advanced hunting
and language skills
I. Scientists Search for Human
Remains
A. Prehistory- time before written
records 3000 B.C. and before
B. History – time after written
records
C. Archaeologists are scientists
who learn about early people by
excavating and studying the
traces of early settlements
D. Artifacts are remains , tools,
jewelry and other human-made
objects
This artifact from
around 200,000 B.C.
is a hand ax made of
flint. An all-purpose
tool, the hand ax
was probably a
hunting weapon,
chopper, scraper,
and slicer.
E. Anthropologists study culture
of humans
F. Culture is, the unique way of
life of people
G. Paleontologists study fossils.
II. Mary Leakey finds footprints
Mary Leakey
1913–1996
Born in London, England, Mary
Leakey left a remarkable legacy in the
fields of archaeology and
anthropology. “She was one of the
world’s great originals,” said a
scientist who worked with the Leakey
family on fossil hunts. Mary earned
respect for her excavations and welldocumented findings.
At 22, she made her first visit to East
Africa. In her autobiography she
reflected on her experiences there:
A. Mid 1970’s leads expedition
into Tanzania
1. Find prehistoric footprints of
human like creatures called
austalopithecines, also called
hominids
B. Donald Johanson discovers
Lucy in Ethiopia in 1974
1. Lucy was an almost complete
adult female hominid living
around 3.5 million years ago
III. Progress during the Old Stone
Age
A. Stone Age had two parts.
1. Old Stone Age or Paleolithic
Age lasted from 2.5 million years
ago to 8000 B.C.
a. Ice Age glaciers advanced and
retreated as many as 18 times.
2. New Stone Age or Neolithic
Age began about 8000 B.C. and
ended around 3000 B.C.
a. Polish stone tools
b. Make Pottery
c. Grow crops
d.Domesticate animals
B. Homo Habilis: the first tool
maker 2.5 million years ago
1. Means man of Skill
2. Discovered in Tanzania by the
Leakeys
3. Made tools of lava.
a. Cut meat
b.Crack bones open
C. Homo Erectus is more
intelligent, 1.6 million years ago
1. Upright man
2. Developed technlogy
a. Ways of applying knowledge
3. Skillful hunters
4. Tools for digging, scraping,
and cutting
5. Began to migrate
6. First to use fire
7. First to use spoken language
8. May have named objects,
plants, and animals
IV. The Dawn of Modern
Humans
A. Homo Sapiens modern man,
“wise man”
1. Larger brains
2. 1997 DNA testing indicated
that Cro-Magnons and
Neanderthals were not ancestors
of modern man
B. Neanderthals way of life
1. First found in Germany in a
valley called Neander
2. Powerfully built
3. Lived between 200,000 and
30,000 years ago
4. Tried to explain world
5. Developed religious beliefs
a. Held funeral for a man in
Shanidar Cave, located in
Northern Iraq
6. Made shelters wood and
animal skins
7. Made tools
C. Cro-Magnons Emerge
1. Arrive about 40,000 years ago
2. Remains show that they were
identical to modern humans
3. Planned hunts
4. Advanced spoken language
Time Line of Planet
Earth
Imagine the 102 stories of
the Empire State Building
as a scale for a time line
of the earth’s history.
Each story represents
about 40 million years.
Modern human beings
have existed for just a
tiny percentage of the life
of this planet.
1=C
3=D
2=H
4=G