Transcript history of england

HISTORY
OF ENGLAND
PREHISTORIC ERA
(Ni Wayan Swardhani W., SS)
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
Map of England
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
Prehistoric Era
a period in the human occupation of Great Britain that
extended throughout prehistory, ending with the roman
invasion in AD 43





The Paleolithic
- Lower Paleolithic
- Middle Paleolithic
- Upper Paleolithic
Mesolithic
The Neolithic
The Bronze Age
The Iron Age
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
The Paleolithic
 750,000-10,000
years ago
 Many changes in environment (glacial
and interglacial period) which affected
human settlement
 Inhabitants: bands of hunter-gathered
who roamed all over Europe following
herds of animals
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
Lower Paleolithic
Southern and Eastern Britain was linked to the
continental Europe by the English Channel that
is used as visitor’s route
Evidence of Homo Erectus lived in Britain
around 700,000 years ago :
- Bones and flint tools in Happisburgh in Norfolk
and Pakefield in Suffolk
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
The evidence Homo Sapiens subspecies
called Homo heidelbergensis lived in Britain
500,000 years ago:
- Sites in Boxgrove in Sussex : the arrival
- Acheulean flint tools
- Hunted large native animals such as
elephants, rhinoceroses, and hippotamuses
Because of unexpected extreme cold climate
during the Anglian glaciation, humans are
driven out of BritainNi Wayan Swardhani W.
Influence from Africa (240,000 years ago):
Artifacts found in Swanscombe and Botany
Pit in Perfleet
Because of difficult during the ice age, there
appears to be a gradual decline in population
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
Middle Paleolithic
60,000 BC, Neanderthal Man (Homo
Neanderthalensis) inhabited southern Britain
Artifacts:
- tools found in Oldbury rock shelters
- the sub-triangular bout-coupé handaxe
Sites: Kent’s Cavern in Devon
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
Upper Paleolithic
By 30,000 BC : the first signs of modern human
(Homo sapiens)
Sites:
- The Red Lady of Paviland
- Gough’s Cave in Somerset : people’s returning to
the land in the end of ice age
- Devon to Salisbury Plain: migration and high
mobility
Artifact:
- Refined flint tools fashioned with bone, shell, amber,
animal teeth, and mammoth
Ni Wayan Swardhaniivory
W.
Way to live:
- Consume wild horse (Equus ferus), red deer
(Cervus Elaphus), hares, mammoth, etc.
- Burial involve skinning and disremembering a
corpse with the bones placed in caves
- Might involve canibalism
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
Mesolithic
10,000 years ago: the end of ice age
 Temperature rose, similar to today, forest
expanded further from previous tundra
 8,500 years ago: the sea level rising because
of the melting glaciers so that Britain is
separated from the Europe continent
 Tools used ease people to hunt for food:
harpoons and spears
 Food: smaller animals and fish
Ni Wayan
W.
 Dog domestication
forSwardhani
hunting






Human spread and reached the far north of
Scotland during this period
Mesolithic Britons no longer nomadic and creates
their social environment
They live based on seasonal and permanent
occupation
They attend land and possessed food source
management (farming both corps and domestic
animals)
People started to know and use pottery, leafshaped arrowheads and polished stone axes
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
The Neolithic
There was a wave of immigration from the continent
 Intermarriage, trade and other cultural ties bring
great influence among artifacts (pottery, ceramics)
 Way of life (Neolithic Revolution)
- settlement
- forest clearance for settlement, cereal cultivation
and animal herds
- social and ideological changes reflected by
Neolithic monumental architecture
- Society is divided into farmers, artisans, and
leaders
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.

Earthworks:
- Communal Burial, Ditch, and manmade mound of
Silbury Hills
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
-
-
-
-
Long Houses
Stone-built houses on Orkney and Skara-Brae:
nucleated settlement
Sweet track: wooden trackway built to cross the
marshes of the Somerset Levels
Industrial flint mining at Cissburry and Grimes
Graves
Stonehenge
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
The Bronze Age
2700 BC Beaker Culture (from Iberian—now
Spain and Portugal) arrived in Britain
 They brought pottery and first use of metal
tools
 They introduce barley and beer making
 These people mingled with the battle-axe
people who domesticated horse, use wheeled
carts, and worked with copper
 These people introduce how to work with
bronze (which was
much harder than copper)
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.




Tin mining was largely found in Cornwall and
Devon (southern o England)
1,600 BC the southwest Britain was experiencing a
trade and export boom across Europe
Beaker people then introduce how to work with gold
Burial system:
- barrows: buried the death beneath earth mounds
just like in Neolithic Era
- cremation
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
The Iron Age





750 BC ironworking technique reached Britain from
southern Europe, which actually derived from Asian
Minor
Great change in agriculture
900 BC: Celtic Culture (Gaul): highly skilled
craftspeople, produce gold jewelry and weapons in
bronze and iron
Social class: people lived in organizational tribal
groups, ruled by a chief stain
Britain exported hunting dogs, animal skin and
slaves
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.

Celts cultural influence:
- language: brythonics
- religion: the Druids (the guardians of
traditions and learning):
- glorify pursuit of wars, feasting, and
horsemanship
- control calendar, planting crops, festivals
and rituals
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
Try to find this for our next
meeting…….
 Roman
 Claudius
 Hadrian’s
Wall
 Dark Age
 Gildas
and Bede
 The English Chronicle
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.
THANK YOU
Ni Wayan Swardhani W.