Transcript Chapter 16
Chapter 16 Part 1 Pages 528-535 Terms to Know • • • • • • • • Joseph Stalin Totalitarianism Benito Mussolini Fascism Adolf Hitler Nazism Francisco Franco Neutrality Acts Remember Post WWI • American Disillusionment with the War • 14 Points Missing I the Treaty of Versailles • American isolationism in the 20’s and 30’s • EXCEPT for war reparations and Finance • The Dawes Plan • The Young Plan Disarmament Treaties • • • • The Washington Conference 4 Power Treaty 5 Power Treaty 9 Power Treatuy • Kellogg-Briand Treaty The Treaties • No enforcement provision • Japan…only verbal agreements The League of Nations • Again, no enforcement • No U.S. or USSR membership • Violations by Hitler, Mussolini, Japan • No penalties The Thirties • Hawley-Smoot Tariff • Moratorium on debt and reparation payments • The German Weimar Republic was in trouble • Threats from the left: Communists • Threats from the Right: Nazis In Europe • Tough economic times caused some democracies to fall • Some countries experienced a heightened nationalism and aggression • Italy, Germany, Japan • Russia promoted a world-wide revolution of the workers Totalitarianism The complete subordination of the individual to the state • Italy: fascism Hyper nationalism and aggression • Germany: Hyper nationalism, aggression, racism • Japan: Hyper nationalism and aggression (emperor and divine right) • Russia: Communism Communism v Fascism • Communists LIKE democracy but NOT Capitalism • Fascists: DISLIKE democracy but have no problem with capitalism if it serves the interests of the state Communists v Fascists • Communists: war is bad EXCEPT when workers of the world resort to violent revolution to take over the means of production and distribution. Peace is the goal. War to promote the workers of the world. (NOT Nationalism) • Fascists: Promote war. See peaceful nations as weak. War to promote the nation at the expense of others Post War Germany • The Weimer Republic and the Treaty of Versailles • War debt • War reparations • Article 231 • The DIKTAT The Ruhr Valley Crisis • Inflation • The Dawes Plan Russia • • • • Dropped out of WWI Was not involved in peace process Caused resentment Russian Civil War • USSR by 1923 • Lenin • Stalin Stalin • Wanted to improve agricultural and industrial production made great gains but at quite a cost…millions perished (8-13 million) • Collectives • Quotas • 5 Year Plans Russia • • • • • Police state Religion Pogroms The Jews The Poles Italy • • • • Benito Mussolini by 1922 Il Duce Fascism Black Shirts…terror • Aggressive Nationalism…all power in a single leader… • Blamed foreigners for Italy’s problems Germany • Nazism (a kind of fascism) Nationalism, aggression and racism) • Hitler blamed the Jewish population for Germany’s problems • Hitler…Der Fuhrer • Brown Shirts • A big admirer of Mussolini Mein Kamph • The Master (Aryan) Race • Lebensraum…Living Space • Racial Hierarchy • Why was Hitler so popular? – Violations of Treaty of Versailles – The Economy Japan • • • • • • • • Resources and aggression Prince Kenoe Tojo Hirohito…Divine Right Aggression Resources V China 1894 V Russia 1905 Japan and China • Manchuria • 1932…League of Nations • By 1737 The North and Central Chinese Plains European Aggression • 1933 Hitler dropped out of the League and violated the Treaty of Versailles: – Massive Military build-up – Luftwaffe – Occupied the demilitarized zone in the Rhineland The Rhineland Aggression • 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia • • • • • Haile Selassie appealed to the League The League of Nations protested. Italy left the League 500,000 Ethiopians died 5,000 Italians The Spanish Civil War • Fascist Franco fought to oust the Spanish king (Juan Carlos) and government • Mussolini sent troops (good practice for them • Hitler needed practice for his airforce…The Luftwaffe • The Rome-Berliln Axis formed as a result of successfou cooperation In the U.S. • Isolationism • But over time (late 30’s) more and more interventionists • Lots of information had been published by this time noting how some American businesses profitted from WWI • Made many Americans sick In the Meantime • The U.S. did not give formal diplomatic recognition to the USSR to this point • FDR thought that we needed to be more realistic. • The US and the USSR made a treaty The Roosevelt-Litvinov Pact • The United States would give formal recognition to the Societ Union if they would make arrangements to pay us back what they owed us from WWI AND if they would stop calling on workers to overthrow the government ALSO • FDR tried to expand on the Good Neighbor Policy in Latin America • He repealed the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • He made an effort NOT to interfere in their affairs Reciprical Trade Aggrements • Remember the results of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff? • Congress tried to stinulate U.S. and world trade with the Reciprical Trade Agreements Act • Allowed the President to lower our tariff for an individual country who would lower their tariff for American goods The Neutrality Acts • Beginning in 1935 Congress passed a number of laws designed to prevent the United States from getting involved in European warts • -The U.S. could not sell weapons or armaments OR make loans to nations at war • The Same for Civil Wars (Spain) What About China • China was being swallowed up by Japan • BUT Japan had never officially declared war on China • SO Roosevelt was able to send supplies and $ to China to help them out. Please read Chapter 16 Part 2 • Pages 536-541