Transcript The Russian Revolution

“THE HAPPINESS
ADVANTAGE”
 DAY 14:
 3 things you are
grateful for in the
present.
 5 minute
 Repeat after me: “I will
DOMINATE that test!
Last time in World
History….
Postwar Uncertainty
A Scientific Revolution
Albert Einstein
 “Theory of
Relativity” - 1905,
theory turns
science and society
upside down
While the speed of
light is constant,
other things that
seem constant (space
& time) are not
A Scientific Revolution
Sigmund Freud
 Ideas and work was as
revolutionary as
Einstein
 Idea of our
“unconscious mind”
 Analyzes dreams for
the first time
Changes in Lit. & Art
Literature
 The horror of war
made deep
impression on many
writers
 For Example:
 Franz Kafka:
“The Trial” and
“The Castle”
 James Joyce
“Ulysses”
Art
 Rebelled against the
norm; wanted to show
the inner emotions of
objects
 Picasso and “cubism”
 Surrealism, inspired by
Freud, movement linked
dreams with reality
 Jazz emerged in the U.S.
“Three Musicians” Picasso
“Egg Born” Salvador Dali
Changes in Society and Tech.
 The role allowed
women to take new
roles for the first time
 Women’s suffrage in
U.S., Britain,
Germany, Sweden &
Austria
 Ditched restrictive hair
and dress styles for
more comfort
 The automobile
transformed society and
more people owned
them, not just rich
 Airlines start to be used
for leisure travel (Charles
Lindberg)
 Radio broadcast begins
in Pittsburgh, PA and
sweeps the nation
 Film becomes popular
and “Hollywood” is
born …. Play Me:
Charlie Chaplin
A Worldwide Depression
Postwar Europe
 Many European countries were nearly
bankrupt
 Counties started to establish new
democratic governments but
governments were often inefficient
 Many willing to sacrifice a democratic
government for a strong, authoritative
leadership.
Weimar Republic
 1919 – Germany’s new
democratic government
 Weak from the start
 Many Germans blames
the Weimar Gov. for the
humiliating of Treaty of
Versailles.
 Inflation in Germany,
U.S. helps
 Attempts at lasting peace
between France and
Germany and world,
failed
German children playing with…money!
Financial Crisis
 In late 1920s, U.S.
prosperous economy
sustained world
economy
 Uneven distribution
of wealth,
overproduction,
consumers buying
less
 1929, stock market
crashes (p. 473).
Depression hits us all
 Within months,
unemployment boomed
and wages decreased
 Banks and business
began to close, farmers
lost land sentences
 By 1933, ¼ of American
workers have NO JOB!
 Great Depression – a
long business slump
Fascism in Europe!
 Millions of people lost faith in democratic
government. Why?
 Turned to extreme forms of government such as
Fascism
 Fascists made several promises, for example:
1. Revive economy
2. Punish those responsible for hard times
3. Restore national pride
Fascism’s Rise in Italy
 Def: Militant political movement that emphasized
loyalty to state and obedience to its leader
Fascism’s Rise in Italy
Characteristics
1. Nationalism
 Differences with
Communism
2. Loyalty to
authoritarian leader
1. Social classes exist
in Fascist state
3. Wear uniforms
2. Fascists are
nationalists and
Communists are
internationalists
4. Special salutes
5. Mass rallies
6. Deny individual
rights
7. State is Supreme!!
Mussolini Takes Control
 Italy’s Problems:
1. Treaty of Versailles
2. Inflation
3. Unemployment
4. Democratic
government is
ineffective
 Founded Fascist Party
in 1919
 As economy worsens,
popularity increases
 Black Shirts – attack
Communists
 Supported by middle
class, aristocracy, and
industrial leaders
 Oct. 1922, 30,000
fascist mark into Rome
and rally for Musso.
“Il Duce”
 How does Mussolini
take control of Italy?
1. Abolish Democracy
2. Outlaw all political
parties
3. Secret police
4. Censorship
Rise of the Nazis
 National Socialist
German Workers’ Party
or Nazis
 Overturn Treaty of
Versailles
 Combat Communism
 Swastika
 Brown Shirts
“der Fuhrer”
 1923 Beer Hall
Putsch
 Mein Kampf
1. Aryans “master
race”
2. Vow to regain
German lands
3. Against Treaty of
Versailles
4. Lebensraum = “more
space”
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
 1932, Nazis are biggest
party on Germany
 Jan. 1933 – President Paul
von Hindenburg names
him Chancellor (p. 478)
 Germany becomes
Totalitarian State
 SS created
 Gestapo
 Banned strikes, labor
unions
Hitler Becomes
Chancellor
 President Hindenburg names Hitler chancellor Paul von
Hindenburg
 Fire destroys Reichstag building and Communists
are
blamed
 Germany becomes Totalitarian State
 SS created
 Gestapo
 Banned strikes, labor unions
State Standard 10.9.4
Fuhrer is Supreme
 Propaganda
 Censorship
 Book burning
 Hitler Youth
 League of German Girls
Hitler
Makes War
on the Jews
State Standard 10.9.4
 Anti-Semitism
 November 9, 1938
the Night of Broken
Glass or Kristallnacht