Transcript The Rise of Totalitarianism

The Rise of Totalitarianism
I. Totalitarianism
A.
B.
Definition: one-party dictatorship that
regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives;
everything is subordinated totally to the state
vs. dictatorship, authoritarianism, autocracy,
absolutism
I. Totalitarianism
C.
Characteristics:
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Forced to live by ruler’s beliefs
Demands total mass conformity
1 political party only
Propaganda
Technology
Secret police / terror
Censorship
State-controlled economy
Strong military
Leader tries to convince people he is democratic or has
democratic support
Youth, professional, cultural, sports groups
I. Totalitarianism
D.
“left” vs. “right”
A.
Left
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B.
Communism
Collective ownership of wealth
Arise in undeveloped countries
Working class support
Ex.: USSR under Stalin, China under Mao
Right
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Fascism & Nazism
Private ownership of wealth
Arise in developed countries
Middle class support
Ex.: Germany under Hitler, Italy under Mussolini
II. Fascism
A.
Debate over definition
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C.
When it arose
1 or more?
Right or left? (1920 shift)
Political doctrine vs. action
Definition (as best as it can be):
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Anti- … socialist, communist, radical, democratic, republican,
feminism, liberal, conservative
Pro- … new nationalist authoritarian state, volunteerism
Organization: mass party militia; use of violence
Youth movement
Technology
Not necessarily racist
III. Nazism
A.
B.
Germany / Hitler
Fascism + racism/anti-Semitism
IV. Communism
A.
B.
USSR / Stalin
Theory vs. practice