Transcript Government Types * 1920*s to World War 2

Government Types –
1920’s to World War 2
Post World War One
• The world was in turmoil after World War
One.
• Economies across Europe were shattered, and
the governments were unable to immediately
fix the problems.
• The people were desperate for change!
• Due to the SEVERE economic problems, new
types of governments came to power:
– COMMUNISM and FASCISM
Communism
• political and economic system in which
the major productive resources in a
society—such as mines, factories, and
farms—are owned by the public or the
state, and wealth is divided among
citizens equally or according to individual
need.
• GOVERNMENT controls ALL aspects of
your life.
Communism
• Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union.
• He was a brutal leader, eliminating his political
enemies without trial.
• He used the KGB (the Soviet secret police) to
control the Soviet people.
• The economy was controlled exclusively in Moscow
– told everyone what to make, how much, and
when to make it.
Fascism
• a political philosophy, movement, or regime
that exalts nation and often race above the
individual and that stands for a centralized
autocratic government headed by a dictator.
• severe economic and social regimentation,
and forcible suppression of opposition.
– Use secret police to control population
Imperial
Japan
• The Japanese military controlled all aspects of
civilian life.
• The Japanese Emperor (Hirito) was believed to
be a god by the Japanese people and culture.
• The military controlled production, schools,
culture.
• The individual was not important – the state was
most important – you were to sacrifice for the
emperor.
Fascist
Italy
• In 1922, Mussolini used his “black shirts” to take
control of the country.
• He promised the Italian people to bring back
Italian glory – bring back the Roman Empire.
• Promised to end unemployment – he did it by
putting the men into the military.
• Was brutal, and killed his enemies with no trial.
Nazi
Germany
• The Nazi Party was controlled by Adolf Hitler.
• Hitler tried to take over the government in
1922, but failed (Munich Beer Hall Putsch).
• He spent 9 months in jail for this action.
• In 1933, the Nazis took over the government.
• Hitler used the “Gestapo” (Nazi secret police)
to control the German people.
Capitalism
• A way of organizing an economy so that
the things that are used to make and
transport products (such as land, oil,
factories, ships, etc.) are owned by
individual people and companies rather
than by the government.
• INDIVIDUALS own the property and
businesses.
United Kingdom (England)
• Parliamentary Monarchy
– They have 2 houses of legislature (House of
Commons & Lords)
• Monarchy (King/Queen) is a figurehead
• Parliament Elects the Prime Minister, who then
selects his cabinet.
– He runs the nation, not the monarch.
• Modified Free Market system
United States of America
• Three branches of Government
– Legislative (elected; House of Representatives and
Senate)
– Executive (Elected; President)
– Judicial (Supreme Court)
• Executive Branch controls the police and the
military, but the Legislative controls the
FINANCES for them.
• System designed to control each branch by the
other two branches.
Communism & Fascism
Similarities
• Both use secret police to control the population.
• Both are TOTALITARIAN governments.
– The government controls almost (or all) aspects of
population’s lives.
• Both heavily use PROPAGANDA to control the will
and emotions of their people.
• Both repress the rights of the citizens.
Communism & Fascism
Differences
• Communism pushes for all individuals to part
of a machine.
– Emotional domination
• Communism does not believe the individual
has worth, except as part of the whole.
• Communism does not allow you to choose
your profession, they tell you where to live
and work – you have no choice.
Communism & Fascism
Differences
• Fascism makes you part of the machine,
machine is weaker without you.
– Emotional manipulation
• Fascism believes you have worth only in
conjunction as part of serving the state.
• Fascism allows you to choose your profession
– as long as you are serving the needs of the
state and following their laws.