Transcript Depression to Fascism Lecture

The Rise of Fascism
• D³=FT:
D: Dissatisfaction
D: Depression
D: Desperation (can lead to…)=
FT: Fascism and Totalitarianism
Environment of Imperialism or Colonialism
[--- 1914-1918 -------------1920s & 1930s -------1939 ------------------1945 --------------------1989 ->]
World War One
 Total War
 Soldiers from 5
continents
 Women
 New Technology
 Gov. involvement:
propaganda, draft.
 Treaty of Versailles
 100% blame on
Germany
 Reparations
 Lost colonies &
land
 League of nations
 “National SelfDetermination”
 End of Austrian &
Ottoman Empires
 Mandates in the
Middle East
Global
Depression
World War Two
 Caused by the Treaty of
Versailles
 International debt
from WWI helped
cause it.
 Germany & Italy forced
to extremes to solve their
extreme mess.
 All parts of the world
connected to the
global economy.
 Japan trying to survive
the Great Depression as
an island country.
 Problems in one
place impact the rest
of the world.
 Core countries
squeeze the colonies
even more.
 Economic problems
led to the rise of
dictators in Italy,
Germany, Japan, and
U.S.
Total War Again.
Technology again.
, but bigger and
better.
 Women again.
 Colonies again.
 Genocide again,
the Holocaust.
 End of the War.
 Start of the
Atomic Age.
 A better peace.
 Start Cold War.
  Rising Nationalism  
The Cold War
 Two superpowers
 U.S. v.
U.S.S.R.
 No direct fighting
between the
supers.
 Battle of
ideologies
 Capitalism v.
Communism
Decolonization.
 How to be
independent?
The Rise of Fascism
• D³=FT:
D: Dissatisfaction
D: Depression
D: Desperation (can lead to…)=
FT: Fascism and Totalitarianism
Rise of Dictatorships in:
Italy
Problems





Angry – no land
from WWI
Global
Depression
Poverty
Unemployment
Communism
Germany






Leaders,
Groups


Benito Mussolini
Brown Shirts
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
Lost colonies &
land in Germany
Reparations
100% War Guilt
Limits on military
Poverty &
unemployment
Communism
Adolf Hitler
NAZI Party

SS, Gestapo, ..



Solutions


Fascist
Dictatorship
Anti-Communism



Acts of
Agression

Invasion of
Ethiopia, 1935

Japan
Hitler Youth
Fascist
Dictatorship
Anti-Communism
Anti-Semitism
Numerous:

Re-militarization +






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Angry – no get
German land in
China after WWI
Global
Depression
Tariffs kill imports
and exports
U.S. oil embargo
Emperor Showa
“Hirohito”
Military Generals
“Greater East
Asia CoProsperity
Sphere”
Japanese Empire
Invasion of
Manchuria, 1931
What is Fascism?
• Extreme Nationalism
– Pride in everything traditional
• History, culture, food, art, music
• Total control of all aspects of society
– Social = Media/Press, schools, religion, secret police, …
– Economic = Owners are dominated by government wishes
• Sometimes told what to produce and what prices to charge
• Not state ownership
• State is supreme over individual rights
• The leader is the personification of the state
• Glorifies war
– The nation should always be at war
• Large and Impressive Spectacle to Awe Audiences
– Parades, rallies, flags, symbols, salutes
Fascism and Totalitarianism:
Definitions:
• Fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete
power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, controlling all
industry, commerce, etc., and promoting an aggressive nationalism and
often racism.
– Nazis and Fascist Governments in Germany and Italy
– FASCISTS HATE COMMUNISTS!!
• Totalitarianism: absolute control by the state, i.e., the leader or
government of a highly centralized nation.
– Stalin’s Communist Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union
– COMMUNISTS HATE FASCISTS!!
• Do not get confused:
– Totalitarianism is a style of leadership (dictator with absolute
power) but with different kinds of ideologies (like communism).
– Fascism is a racist and nationalist ideology that usually has a
totalitarian style of leader (a dictator like Hitler or Mussolini)
German Hyperinflation
Adolf Hitler
Germany
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“One People, One Empire, One Leader!!”