Totalitarianism, Fascism, and Communism
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Transcript Totalitarianism, Fascism, and Communism
Totalitarianism,
Fascism, and
Communism
Mark Manbeck
Essential Question
What
are the major similarities
and differences between
Totalitarianism, Fascism, and
Communism?
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism—government that
dominates every aspect of life
A government of Total Control
Totalitarian leader is often
dynamic and persuasive
Energetic,
Cult
active, forceful
of Personality *Later
Police State
Government uses police to spy on
and intimidate people
Normally
Police
to protect citizens
enforce the central
government’s policies
Education
Slanted education
Crucial to glorify leader and policies
Propaganda
Propaganda and Censorship
Spread of Propaganda
Government controls all mass
media
Crushes
opposing views
Scapegoats
Usually, religious or ethnic minorities
are “enemies of the state”
Totalitarian Leaders in the 20th Century
Adolf
Hitler (Germany) 1933-1945
Benito
Mussolini (Italy) 1925-1943
Joseph
Stalin (Soviet Union) 1929-1953
Kim
Il Sung (North Korea) 1948-1994
Saddam
Hussein (Iraq) 1979-2003
Communism
Russia
Class Struggle
Revolution is the only way
All property is publicly owned
NO
Private Property
Traditional Communism Refresher
Karl Marx
Bourgeoisie:
New,
Industrial Elite
Proletariat:
Workers
Bourgeoisie had political and economic power
Workers had the true power
Stalin (More Next Time)
Stalin aims to create Communist state in
Russia.
He
began by destroying his enemies—
real and imagined.
Education
Government controls all education, from
early grades to college.
Children learn the virtues of the
Communist Party.
Teachers and students who challenge the
Party are punished.
Religious Persecution
Government attacks the Russian
Orthodox Church.
Magnificent churches and synagogues
are destroyed. Religious leaders are
killed.
People lose all personal rights and
freedoms.
Totalitarianism vs Communism
Totalitarianism
Communism
State is all-powerful
Communist Party is all-
State makes decisions
powerful
More Right Wing
Communist Party makes
decision
State Ownership
More Left Wing
Common Ownership
Fascism
Started in Italy, transferred to Germany
Fascism glorified action, violence, discipline,
and blind loyalty to the state.
Pursued
territorial expansion through
warfare.
Distrusted
reason and used emotion to their
advantage.
Nazism is a form of Fascism
"Italy wants peace and quiet, work
and calm. I will give these things
with love if possible and with force
if necessary." Benito Mussolini
Police State
Obsession with Security
Fear
is motivation of Government over
population
Military Supremacy
Education
Disdain for Intellectuals and
Arts
Boys taught to be soldiers
Girls to be good mothers
Propaganda and Censorship
Powerful and Continuing Nationalism
Censoring enemies
Religion and Ethnicity
Identification of
Enemies/Scapegoats
Unifies
the people
Religion and Government
are Intertwined
National Purity
Racial
Purity
Fascism vs Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism
Individual Governs state
State makes decisions
Fascism
State Governed by Single
Political Party
Communication controlled by
state
Type of Government
Dictatorship
• The two are not mutually exclusive
• A fascist state is often ruled by a totalitarian leader
• Totalitarian state does not necessarily have to be fascist