Transcript CH 9-1 NOTES: Thomas Jefferson Takes Office!

CH 9-1 NOTES: Thomas Jefferson
Takes Office!
A Controversial Campaign:
• Republicans wanted to elect Thomas Jefferson because
they felt that John Adams was trying to create a
monarchy. They were still upset about the laws he
passed. (Alien & Sedition Acts)
• To try and sway voters, the Federalists were
threatening a Civil War if Jefferson won the election.
• In the end, Jefferson ended up having the same
number of votes as his running mate (also a republican
candidate Aaron burr It was up to the House of
Representatives to decide who would become
president.
• They chose Thomas Jefferson to become the
3rd president of the U.S.
• It was after this that the 12th Amendment
was added to the Constitution to avoid such a
problem in the future.
Main Idea:
• After a controversial election, Thomas Jefferson
had to try to bring the opposing political parties
together and get them to work together.
• * Jefferson was the first president to be
inaugurated in Washington D.C. , the country’s
new capital.
• ( John Adams was the first president to live in the
White House.)
JEFFERSON’S “REVOLUTION”
As President, Jefferson’s main goal was to limit the federal
government’s power over states and citizens.
• 1. He wanted to limit government’s involvement in
economic affairs. He believed in the idea of laissez faire which means that the government should not interfere in
the economy.
• 2. Reduce government expenses to reduce their power.
• 3. Shrink the military.
• 4. Cut the number of government employees.
• 5. Eliminate all federal taxes.
• 6. He repealed the Sedition act and those
imprisoned were released.
• Jefferson also wanted to ease party disputes.
• He allowed many Federalists to keep their
government jobs.
• He would pay off State debts using federal
money.
AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
• - Not only was the 12th Amendment added to
the constitution to fix the issue of voting for
the President and vice president.
• But they also added to the plan
for the Judicial Branch:
- It was during Jefferson’s presidency that the
principle of Judicial Review was established –
this gave the Supreme Court the authority to
strike down unconstitutional laws.
CH 9-2 NOTES:
The Louisiana Purchase!
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE:
• ► When Jefferson became President, the
Western boundary of the United States was
the Mississippi River.
WHY PURCHASE?
• ► 1. Jefferson did not want a strong military
power like France bordering the United States. He
feared they may try to take land from the United
States.
• ► 2. Jefferson and the government recognized
they needed access to the Mississippi river and
the Port of New Orleans for trade.
• The Port of New Orleans empties into the Gulf of
Mexico which connects to the Atlantic Ocean.
• This would make trade in the west much easier!
HOW DID THEY PURCHASE?
• ►Thomas Jefferson decided to purchase this
land for 15 million from Napoleon, the French
leader.
• ► Napoleon needed money to support his
wars in Europe so he gave Jefferson a good
deal… $15 million breaks down to just 4 cents
per acre!!
RESULTS OF PURCHASE:
• ► This new land purchase doubled the size of
the United States.
• ► New fertile farmland and natural resources
awaited American settlers to be explored
• ► Had negative consequences for Native
Americans. White settlers = spread of disease
to natives and removal from their sacred land.
EXPLORING THE LOUSIANA PURCHASE!
• ► Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
to explore the new land. They had help on their
expedition by a Native American woman named
Sacagawea.
•
• ► They were given three specific tasks:
• 1. To report on geography, plants, animals and other
natural features.
•
• 2. To make friends with the Native Americans
•
• 3. To find out if there was a waterway connecting the
Mississippi to the Pacific ocean for trade!
• ► Lewis and Clark did not find a waterway
connecting the Mississippi to the Pacific
ocean BUT they did find the
• Continental Divide= this is the place that
separates river systems flowing in opposite
directions!
CH 9-3 NOTES
A TIME OF CONFLICT
Main Idea:
• Following the purchase of the Louisiana
territory, the United States faced growing
conflicts.
DEFEATING THE BARBARY STATES:
• - Trade with Europe and Asia was critical to the U.S.
economy.
• - Pirates began attacking American ships. They were from
four small countries on the Northern coast of Africa.
Together these countries are known as the Barbary States.
• - The Barbary pirates were raiding both American and
European ships and holding their sailors for ransom.
• - European governments tried to solve the problems
by paying the pirates tribute
- this is money paid by one country to another in
return for
protection.
• - The U.S. did not like the idea of paying tribute so in
response they sent the American marines to capture
Tripoli.
• - This was the first time America captured and
occupied a foreign country. It inspired confidence in
the ability of the U.S. to deal forcefully with foreign
powers that threatened their security and prosperity.
AMERICAN NEUTRALITY IS CHALLENGED:
• - Britain and France continued to interfere with
American trade ships. This interfered with U.S.
economy. This is because they were still at war
with one another.
• - Between 1803 and 1807, France seized 500
American ships and Britain seized more than
1,000.
• - The British went a step further and began the
impressment of American sailors. Kidnapping and
forcing them to serve in the British navy.
TEMPORARY SOLUTION:
• - Jefferson tried to find a peaceful method for solving their
problem with the French and British.
•
• - He decided to use an embargo- a government order that
forbids foreign trade.
•
• - The Embargo Act hurt the United States more than it hurt
Britain or France because merchants depended heavily on
foreign trade.
•
• - Thousands of Americans turned to smuggling - the act of
illegally importing or exporting goods in order to get around
the embargo.
CONFLICT AT HOME
TECUMSEH AND THE PROPHET:
• - White settlement in the west had a negative impact on Native
Americans.
- disease spread
- game became scarce.
• - Native American population decreased and the power of their
tradition ways decreased.
•
• - New Native American leader pushed to preserve traditional ways.
•
• - Led by Tecumseh , Native Americans resisted white settlement.
CH 9-4 NOTES:
THE WAR OF 1812
VOCAB REVIEW:
1. Impressment: the act of forcing someone into service. Like
when the British were forcing American sailors to serve in
their navy.
2. Embargo: a government order that forbids foreign trade.
3. Nationalism: pride in one’s country.
4. War Hawks: those Americans who were eager to go to war
with the British.
5. Blockade: the action of shutting a port or road to prevent
people or supplies from coming into an area or leaving it.
6. Secede: or withdraw.
Causes of the war of 1812
1. The British impressment of American sailors.
2. The British were supplying the Native Americans
with weapons and ammunition to use against
American settlers moving westward.
* To most Americans the nations honor & economy
was at stake!
The War of 1812:
• James Madison became the 4th President of the
United States and remained president
throughout the war.
• Led by the War Hawks, Congress declared war
on Britain in June of 1812.
• During the early years of the war, the
government struggled to rebuild the American
military strength weakened by Jefferson’s
spending cuts.
• The war ended in a draw, neither side could
continue to fight with their weakened military
states.
Results of the war of 1812:
• The treaty that ended the war, returned things to
the way they were before the war.
Treaty of Ghent
• Although the War of 1812 had no clear victor,
Americans gained a new confidence in the end and a
new sense of nationalism.
• Many saw The War of 1812 as “the second war of
Independence”. Once and for all the Untied States
secured its independence from Britain.
• After the bombing of Fort McHenry, Francis
Scott Key penned a poem called the Star
Spangled Banner which will become the
United States national anthem.
Troubles for the U.S. during the War:
1. Weakened military
2. Native Americans were helping the
British.
3. The British burned down Washington
D.C. including the White House.
4. The British Blockade cut off our supply
line.