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Do Now!
Bureaucracy: Workers that make up the
government.
Impressment: Taking American sailors from
their ships and forcing them to be British
sailors.
Embargo: A suspension, or stoppage, of trade.
EQ: How did the United States build
a government, expand it’s territory,
and conduct foreign policy?
The students will be able to recall, interpret,
translate, analyze, diagnose, and evaluate the
economic pressures, The Marshall Court, The
Louisiana Purchase, The War of 1812.
Sec 3: The Age of Jefferson
• The Jefferson administration set out to do
things differently. Many saw his election as a
“revolution.” Jefferson encouraged Congress
to abandon the Alien and Sedition Acts and
the hated federal taxes. He lowered the
national debt by cutting government
spending. He made major cuts in the military
and reduced the government’s bureaucracy,
or workers that make up the government.
• When Jefferson became President in 1801,
John Marshall became the Chief Justice of the
United States. Marshall’s Supreme Court
claimed the power to review the acts of
Congress and the President to determine if
they were constitutional. This power is
known as judicial review. The case of
Marbury v. Madison established the power of
judicial review.
• Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase of 1803 nearly
doubled the size of the United States.
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark to learn more about the new territory.
This journey became known as the Lewis and
Clark Expedition.
• Jefferson had difficulties making the United
States an international power. The Barbary
States of North Africa were seizing American
ships in the Mediterranean Sea. The Barbary
States are Algeria, Tunisia, Tripoli, and
Morocco. Jefferson had paid protection
money to the Barbary States, but when the
price increased, Jefferson blockaded the port
of Tripoli. This helped win peace in the
Barbary War of 1805.
• The government dealt with surplus produce
by selling it overseas. From 1793 to 1807, war
in Europe aided this goal.
• Engaged in a tough war and desperately
needing sailors, Britain relied on impressment,
or taking American sailors from their ships and
forcing them to be British sailors. As an
alternative to war in 1807, Jefferson
persuaded Congress to declare an embargo, or
suspension of trade. The British found other
markets, while the embargo hurt American
merchants, sailors, and farmers. The embargo
against Britain angered American voters and
led to increased Federalist support.
Do Now!
Francis Scott Key: Wrote “The Star-Spangled
Banner”
Hartford Convention: Meeting of Federalist
delegates to consider secession
Battle of Tippecanoe: caused the Native
American movement to lose momentum
Sec 4: The War of 1812
• On the western frontier, Native American
resistance increased. The warrior Tecumseh
wanted to unite the Indian nations in war
against American settlements. William Henry
Harrison led troops in the Battle of
Tippecanoe. Neither side won this battle, but
as a result of it, the Native American
movement lost momentum.
Tecumseh
• In 1811, politicians known as the War Hawks
wanted to go to war with Britain. They were
angry that Britain gave guns to Native
Americans and that Britain continued
impressing American sailors. The War Hawks
thought that invading British-held Canada
would drive the British out of North America.
In the War of 1812, the United States went to
war with Britain.
• The United States was not successful in
invading Canada. Detroit was surrendered to
the British army. The small British and Indian
forces repeatedly defeated the poorly trained
U.S. army and state militias. However, the
small American navy performed well,
capturing four British ships during 1812.
• In 1814, British forces invaded the United
States in Maine, New York, Maryland, and
New Orleans. Except for the occupation of
Maine, the British attacks ended in defeat.
The British did capture the national Capitol
and burned the White House and Capitol.
The British burned the White House and Capitol
• Francis Scott Key celebrated the American
victory at Fort McHenry in a poem called “The
Star-Spangled Banner.” The United States and
Britain signed the Treaty of Ghent to end the
war. Two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was
signed, the Americans won their greatest
victory at the Battle of New Orleans under
Andrew Jackson. Jackson also eventually
invaded the Spanish colony of Florida.
• The outcome of the war hurt the reputation
of the Federalists. They looked weak for
opposing the popular war and were mocked
as defeatists and traitors. The Federalist Party
was dead by 1820. Events during the War of
1812 ended most Indian resistance to
American expansion for the time being. The
Treaty of Ghent forced the British to give up
their forts in America. This opened up land
for American settlers.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7jlFZhpr
U4
Exit Slip
• Why was the Louisiana Purchase important?
• Name two results of the War of 1812 that
benefited the United States.